بريديان و آل بويه؛ تعامل يا تقابل

Barids and the Buyids: Compromise or Struggle

هم زمان با تكوين و توسعه قدرت آل بويه، فضاي سياسي، اجتماعي و مذهبي حاكم بر ايران و دارالخلافه عباسيان، نابسامان بود. مردآويج، در شمال، غرب و مركز ايران، قدرت بلامنازع داشت و سرداران عباسي از رويارويي با پيشروي سپاهيان او تا اهواز، ناكام ماندند. اما قتل نابهنگام مردآويج، ناتواني خلافت درتثبيت اوضاع، و ايجاد نهاد اميرالامرايي- به جاي وزارت- وعدم كار آيي آن، موجب شد كه فرزندان بويه، با مديريت هوشمندانه، به اهداف خود مبني بر غلبه و سلطه بر رقبا ونفوذ در حاكميت، نايل آيند. بريديان نيز كه از ديرباز، صاحب منصب اداري بودند، بر خوزستان و مناطق پيرامون آن حاكميت داشتند. آنان، مانند ديگر كارگزاران ايراني، مراتب امارت تا وزارت را پيمودند و نزديك به دو دهه(314-332ه. )، با خاندان‌ها و رقيبان سياسي، از در مصالحه، رقابت و منازعه وارد شدند. اين مقاله، مي‌كوشد تا راهبرد بريديان را در صلح، و فراخواني آل بويه به اهواز، و تشويق آنان به تسلط بر بغداد - كه زمينه ساز اعتلاي ايرانيان و تشيع گرديد- مورد مطالعه و ارزيابي قرار دهد.

Contemporary with formation and expansion of the Buyids in Baghdad, the dominant socio- political and religious atmosphere of Iran was disturbed. Mardavij enjoyed absolute power in the northern, western and central parts of Iran and the Abbasid Caliphate failed to stop his troops proceeding to Ahwaz. However, the untimely death of Mardavij (323AH) coupled with the weakness of the government in controlling and stabilizing the affairs, and also the formation of Leader of Leaders institution (Amir-al-Omarayi) which took the place of former vizierate position and its inefficiency in handling the situations aided the Buyid descendents to reach the objectives they longed for. Through their wise management of affairs, they succeeded at conquering their rivals and penetrating into the government. The Buyids who had long beheld administrative positions and ruled over Khusistan and its surrounding areas, ascended the hierarchy of official positions (from administration to vizierate). For nearly two decades, they were occasionally in peace, competition and struggle with their political rivals. This study aims at studying the peace strategies used by the Buyids, their calling of the Buyids to Ahwaz and encouraging them to dominate Baghdad—the act which ultimately paved the way for the dominance of Iranians and Shi’a Muslims.