مرگ در آينه ادبيات فرانسه

Death in the mirror of the France literature

براي بررسي مرگ در ادبيات قرن بيستم فرانسه، بايد طي يك نظر اجمالي به انسان در آينه مرگ و رويارويي وي با اين واقعيت هميشه موجود پرداخت و سپس انعكاس آن را در صفحه تمام نماي ادبيات بررسي كرد. با توجه به حضور فراگير مرگ در تمام انواع ادبي، مي توان ارتباط مستقيم ادبيات و مرگ را به خوبي دريافت. اين پديده هر قدر هم استثنايي باشد، به طرز غير قابل اجتنابي در محدوده زبان نيز جاي داشته و زبان از هزاران سال پيش به دور اين واژه تهي و مرموز، انبوهي از روياها، داستان ها و هذيان ها تنيده است. از طرفي انسان قرن بيست، با سابقه و حافظه تاريخي جنگ ها و مناقشات فلسفي و از هم گسيختگي باورهايش؛ با مرگ رابطه اي ديگر گونه دارد. به همين دليل شخصيت هاي رمان هاي اين قرن افرادي هستند تنها كه در انزواي مطلق درون در مقابل مغاك هولناك تنهايي بيرون، يــا مي ميرند و يا به زندگي خود پايان مي دهند.

In order to study the death in the France literature of 20th century, first of all we must consider the changes of the path and humankind’s prospects about the death and him/her facing with this phenomenon besides him/her believes about this everlasting fact. Because in any era the literature of any nation has been the manifestation of the individual and social’s believes and insights of the related age. The humankind of the 20thcentury, with the historical antecedent of wars and philosophical debates, confronting with disastrous world war and with the noticeable interruption in individual and socials’ point of views in his/her seclusion has another kind of relationship with death. All of the mentioned sayings have an outstanding reflection in the France literature of the 20th century. The author himself/herself is a part of this clause that exists out of the book and reveals himself / herself in the shape of words, figures, anxieties, yet she/he connects with the outside word. For this, reason their characters of the 20th century world are lonely persons who lack the ability of making relationship – captured with the inside vacuum and wondering in the outside wilderness. They proceed towards the unavoidable fate and either they will expire in their inside absolute loneliness or they will suicide.