بررسي تحليلي روند تكاپوهاي سياسي خاندان تولوي تا برآمدن منگوقاآن بر تخت خاني

An Analytical investigation of the Political Attempts of Tooi Dynasty Till the Throwing of Mengugaan

چنگيز در آغاز سده‌ي هفتم هجري حكومت جوان و نيرومندي را در مغولستان بنيان و در سال 624‌ ق به هنگام مرگ، امپراتوري پهناوري را به ميراث نهاد . او با تدبير در انتخاب جانشين، حفظ يكپارچگي امپراتوري و پيگيري برنامه‌ي جهانگشايي را به جانشينان خود سپرد. با اين وجود ، به سبب ماهيت و ساختار امپراتوري مغول، مساله‌ي جانشيني و تصادم منافع و قلمرو اولوس‌هاي مغولي امپراتوري چنگيزي را پس از او گرفتار چالش‌هاي دروني ساخت . انتقال فرمانروايي از شعبه‌ي اوگتاي به شاخه‌ي تولوي در خاندن چنگيز، تحول مهم و پرابهامي در تاريخ مغول بود كه به عنوان نقطه‌ي عطفي در تاريخ امپراتوري مغول شناخته مي‌شود. اين پژوهش، با روش توصيفي و تحليلي و بر پايه‌ي مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي به بررسي اين تحول مهم مي‌پردازد و نخست نقش و جايگاه تولوي را در امپراتوري چنگيزي، و بازتاب دعاوي و امتيازات سياسي او را در تاريخ‌نويسي دوره‌ي ايلخاني بررسي مي‌كند، سپس به تكاپوهاي سياسي خاندان تولوي تا پايان فرمانروايي گيوك (644 ـ647ق) مي‌پردازد . بخش پاياني مقاله، برآمدن منگوقاآن بر تخت فرمانروايي امپراتوري مغول را به عنوان برآيند فرايندي پيچيده بررسي مي‌كند و جايگاه اين تحول را به عنوان نقطه‌ي عطفي در تاريخ مغول، تبيين مي‌سازد.

In the beginning of the 7th century (A.H.), Chengiz inaugurated a young and powerful ruling system in Mongolia. His ruling system had a conquering nature which attempted to free the Mongols from their living problems and intended to satisfy their dreams in the framework of an ambitious system. The great Mongol king at the time of his death in A.H.624 left an expansive empire. Chengiz’s initiatives in choosing the ruler after him, and his attempts led to the homogeneity of his empire and he gave the spirit of conquest to his descendents. However, due to the structure and nature of the Mongol’s ruling empire, after Chengiz, the competitions for interests and lands led to internal challenges in this vast empire. These challenges in addition to the problems which they made on the way of the Mongol’s invasions and conquests, gradually caused the disintegration of the their power. The transfer of power from the Ogutay to the Toloi branch was a significant development in the history of the Mongol empire. The present study attempts to deal with its subject stated in title through an analytical descriptive consideration which is mainly a library research. The present study first deals with the place and position of Toloi in the empire of Chengiz and investigates the reflections of his claims and political previllages in the historiography of the Ilkhanid era. Afterwards, it explains the conditions and the political attempts of the Toloi’s family after his death till the end of the ruling of Geyug in (A.H.624_ or 647). In its last section, this article investigates the throwing of Menguq??n in the Mongol empire as a consequence of the political attempts of Toli’s family in a complicated process and the place of this development is considered as a major breakthrough in the history of the Mongol empire