حق حبس زوجه با تكيه بر فقه اماميه

Right of Confinement of the Wife Based on Imami Jurisprudence

نوشته حاضر در سه زمينه تشكيك در اصل حق حبس در نكاح، اثر اعسار زوج بر حق حبس و با محوريت اثر تقسيط مهر از سوي دادگاه بر حق حبس زوجه به نگارش درآمده است. با توجه به اينكه يكي از شرايط تحقق حق حبس، حال‌بودن مهر است، اين پرسش مطرح مي‌شود كه در چنين شرايطي اگر دادگاه نظر به دادخواست اعسار زوج از پرداخت دفعي مهر، حكم به تقسيط داده باشد، آيا حق حبس زوجه ساقط خواهد شد يا كماكان باقي است؟ از ظاهر مادّه 1085 قانون مدني و تصريح نظريه اداره حقوقي قوه قضاييه و راي وحدت رويّه ديوان عالي كشور و فتاواي برخي از فقهاي معاصر استنباط مي‌شود كه حق حبس، حتي با حكم به تقسيط باقي خواهد بود، در حالي كه به‌نظر مي‌رسد سقوط حق زوجه در فرض تقسيط مهر از سوي دادگاه با قواعد انصاف و عدل، و مذاق شريعت بيشتر سازگار است. علاوه بر اينكه با نظر فقهي برخي از فقهاي معاصر نيز موافق است.

The present article has been written about three themes: doubt about the principle of confinement in marriage; impact of the husbandʹs insolvency on the right of confinement, and importance of the impact of installment of dower money by the court on the right of confinement of the wife. Since one of the conditions which should be fulfilled so that the right of confinement may be realized is that the dower money should be paid, a question arises: "under such circumstances, if because of inability of the husband to pay the dower money in total the court has issued a verdict to pay it in parts in some period of time, will the right of confinement of the wife be rendered null or is it still valid? The appearance of the Article 1085 of the Civil Law, the explicit doctrine of the Legal Office of the Judiciary Power, and the precedent of the Supreme Court as well as verdicts of some contemporary jurisprudents show that the right of confinement will remain valid even if the dower money is paid in installments. But, it seems that, in the case that the court orders to pay the dower money in installments, invalidation of the right of confinement of the wife is more consistent with the rules of justice and spirit of shariʹah. This is in agreement with juridical opinions of some contemporary jurisprudents as well.