بررسي طرح تاج شاهان در سكه هاي ايران از دوره هخامنشي تا ساساني

Survey Kings Crown Design in Iran’s Coins from Achaemenid to Sassanid Period

همواره در تاريخ پادشاهي دنيا شاهي بدون تاج قابل تصور نيست. پادشاهان ايراني نيز از اين قاعده مستثني نبوده اند. تاج شاهان ايران باستان به عنوان يكي از مظاهر سلطنت و قدرت، در آثار هنري گوناگوني همراه با نقش پادشاه در حالي كه وي را از ديگر اشخاص متمايز مي سازد، نمايان شده است. يكي از آثار هنري مهم كه نقش شاهان ايران همراه با نماد قدرتشان يعني تاج، برروي آنها توسط هنرمندان خوش ذوق و قريحه ي ايراني حك شده است، سكه ها مي باشند. روش تحقيق در اين پژوهش توصيفي_تاريخي است كه از طريق گردآوري اطلاعات كتابخانه اي و اسنادي و نيز مشاهده سكه ها در برخي موزه ها انجام پذيرفته است؛ ضمن اينكه مطالعه سير تحول طرح تاج شاهان دست يابي به تفاوت ها و تشابهات تاج ها را امكان پذير مي نمايد. در اين جستار تلاش نگارندگان بر اين است كه، سير تحول تاج شاهان نقش شده بر روي سكه هاي سه امپراتوري بزرگ ايران باستان(هخامنشي، اشكاني و ساساني) را مطالعه نمايند. هدف از بررسي تاج شاهان در ادوار تاريخي ايران باستان شناخت، بازشناسي، تشخيص و تفكيك آنان از يكديگر از طريق مطالعه سكه ها مي باشد؛ چرا كه هر پادشاهي تاج مخصوص به خود را داشته و بعضاً علاوه بر طرح تاج نقوش، جنس و نمادهاي مورد استفاده متفاوت بوده است.

Always on kingdom history of the world a king without a crown is unconceivable. The Persian kings were not exception of this rule. Iranian ancient kings crown as one of the aspects of the monarchy and power, the image of king while makes he distinguishes from other persons is visible in various artistic works. One of the important artistic works that image of Iran’s kings with their power symbol namely the crown, on it by Iranian’s gifted and talented artists is carved, are the coins. The coins can study from various aspcts , for example kind of metal applied in the coins in each era is demonstrating which its demonstrator authority financial and credit that one era, or by surveys delicacy and precision crevedimades on the coins can be realize artist ability in each era, and this had been demonstrated the political , social and economic peace in that eraBy surveys. Acaemenid coins can be observed that Achaemenid kings crown became opparent as entirely simple and with dentante on the coins of this age.Achaemenid period coins are more like a medal of honor than current money in the country.TheAchaemend Gold coins were called Darik and silver coins were called Sycle in this period.With studies Achaemenid coins we conclude that the Achaemenid kings crown were made by valuable metal like gold and silver. In opposite to uniformity of Achaemenid king crown from. We see variety in from of the Parthian crown that craved on the coins were precious, variety, symbolic and seemly.The Parthian kings crown been from kind squatty fabric and rich metel that pranked by jewels and pearl. Each kings sassani owned particular crown rom themselves, or somtims each king relieved tow or multiple crown kings crown in this era were luxurios, patchwork and those inclusive stamps symbolic such as image moon, star, sun sphere, bird wing and plants.Jag is symbolism from heaven threefold strata, sphere is symbolism from earth, moon is symbolism from productivity, star is symbolism fromTishtar,sun is symbolism from Mitra,bird is symbolism from Verethraghna,plants is symbolism from life. Sassani kings crown on the coins exposed variety form, symbolic stamps and complement.Symbolic stamps applied on the Sassani kings crown owned wholly aspect religious and those were for worship Ahora.TheSassani kings kind been from worth metal, silk fabric and valuable jewels. Method study in this research is descriptive _ historical that through gathering libraries and documental information and also observed the coins in some museum was undertaken; meanwhile that studying evolution crown kings scheme makes possible achieve to crowns differences and similarities. In these essays the authors attempt is that stydies, Kings Crown evolution carved on three great ancient empires (Achaemenid, …) coins. The aim of surveyed the kings crown in ancient iran historical periods is cognition, recognition, identify and separate them from each other via study of the coins, because each kingdom had its own crown and sometimes in addition to crown design; have been different in used motifs, material and the symbols.