بررسي رابطه علم كلام و فلسفه

An examination of Relationship between Theology and Philosophy

علم كلام از نخستين دانش‌هايي است كه در بستر انديشه اسلامي با الهام‌گيري از وحي و عقل براي تبيين باورهاي ديني و نيز پاسخ‌گويي به شبهه‌هاي مخالفين پديد آمد. از سوي ديگر، با گسترش قلمرو جهان اسلام و ارتباط نزديك مسلمانان با پيروان ديگر اديان و مكاتب، آراي فلسفي از شرق و غرب عالم در ميان مسلمانان راه يافت. پس از پذيرش آراي فلسفي در ميان گروه‌هاي اسلامي، به تدريج مباحث كلامي با مسايل فلسفي آميخته شد تا آنجا كه در سده‌هاي اخير بعضي ادعا كردند كه كلام شيعي چيزي جز الهيات بالمعني?‌الاخص (فلسفه) نيست. در اين مقاله بر آنيم تا ربط و نسبت ميان كلام و فلسفه را در سه امر، يعني در موضوع، روش و غايت، روشن سازيم تا از ادعاهاي افراطي و نيز تفريطي در حق كلام و فلسفه پرهيز شود.

Theology is among the first sciences that appeared in Islamic intellectual context under the influence of revelation and reason to explain Islamic doctrines and answer opponentsʹ doubts. However, with the expansion of Islamic territories and the contact made between Muslims and the followers of other religions and schools of thought, other philosophical points of views began entering into the Islamic world from all sides. With the acceptance of philosophical views by some Islamic sects, theological issues got gradual mixed with philosophical ones; to the extant that in recent centuries some have claimed that Shiite theology is nothing other than theology in its more particular sense (a division of philosophy). The author studies the relation between theology and philosophy in three specific areas, namely their subject, their methodology and their goal. By doing so, he tries to do justice to both philosophy and theology, avoiding holding an extreme position with regard to either of them.