رويكردي تحليلي به كيفيت محيط مسكوني معاصر

An Analytic Approach Towards the Quality of Contemporary Residential Environment

بستر اجتماعي - اقتصادي ايران معاصر زمينه ساز توسعه نگرش كميت گرا به محيط مسكوني شده است. پي آمد اين تفكر كاهش كيفيت محيط مسكوني بوده است. بنابراين اين پژوهش، به منظور ارايه راه حل هايي براي كيفيت بخشي به محيط مسكوني بر اساس بازشناسي مفهوم كيفيت در محيط انسان ساخت و تحليل آن با رويكردي جامع، نظريه هاي كيفيت_ محور را در قالب سامانه اي چند لايه از نظام سلسله مراتبي تدوين نموده و رابطه دروني دو مولفه "مشخصه هاي اساسي كالبد محيط مسكوني" و"نيازها و توقعات برگرفته از ارزش هاي فرهنگي و اجتماعي ساكنان" را در قالب سازماني نظام مند براي برنامه ريزي و طراحي اين محيط ها تبيين مي كند. با استفاده از تحليل محتوا، مفهومي از كيفيت را در حوزه معنا شناسي يافته و با استناد به استدلال منطقي، به تعيين مراتب و مولفه هاي كيفيت محيط انسان ساخت و تحليل كيفيت محيط مسكوني معاصر مي پردازد.

The socio-economic conditions of contemporary Iran has caused an expansion in a quantity-based attitude towards residential environments. This has resulted in the problem of decreasing quality of residential environments and increasing dissatisfaction of its residents. For this reason, through content analysis, this research tries to find a definition of quality with subjective and objective aspects in the semantics field, and in proportion to initial cognition sources. By means of referring to logical argumentation in order to present solutions for qualifying residential environments, this research attempts to use a better understanding of the concept of quality in the built environment, in order to analyze quality-based theories in general and specific theories related to architecture, in the form of linear and hierarchical multilevel systems. Moreover, this paper determines internal relationships between "basic features of residential environment" and "needs and expectations of residentsʹ socio-cultural values" using an interaction-based comprehensive approach.This interactive relation is defined as the satisfaction level of a residential environment, which is itself derived from the balance between expectations extracted from subjective images of residents, their needs, and the range of environments that are a reaction to them. The relationship between the aforementioned features, specify the quality of residential environments in a way that more responsiveness of the environment to residents’ needs and expectations, becomes directly related to an increase in residents’ satisfaction. Therefore, effective solutions for improving the quality of residential environments becomes dependent firstly, on our basic knowledge about residentsʹ needs and their material and spiritual expectations, and then on increasing the capabilities of the physical environment for a sustainable response to these needs and expectations. In such an approach, the residential environment, in terms of formal cause-effect, will have special and basic characteristics related to factors creating it. We therefore cannot achieve qualified environments through repeating a uniform physical pattern for all residential environments. On the other hand, capabilities of such environment in fulfilling the needs and expectations of residents, which are extracted from their values in terms of ultimate cause-effect, leads to interactive projects and appropriate evaluations of residential environments. If this evaluation is done by both the residents and the designers, at the level of subjective cause-effect, the result of such dynamic process, from theory to case and vice versa, will be harmonious with environmental adaptation for responding to residentsʹ needs and expectations, thus leading to improving the quality of sustainable residential environments. In the future, in order to create residential environments that possess a sustainable quality, there must be a movement toward a deeper look athousing, and encouragement of projects that are based on a close relationship between residents and designers; builders and programmers.Otherwise, programming to build residential environments will be solely based on economic exploitation of building developers. The result of this approach is repeating similar patterns for unequal beneficiaries, and providing for needs and expectations that are extracted from general socio-cultural patterns. The development of such an imbalanced relationship will cause more resident dissatisfaction and lower quality of residential environments, which will in turn lead to socio-cultural abnormalities and poorer quality of life.