خلود عذاب در مكتب ابن‌عربي

Eternality of Torment in Ibn Arabi’s school of thought

ابن عربي منكر خلود در جهنم و جاودانه بودن عذاب ظاهري و باطني نيست. اگر وي، از قطع عذاب و حدوث نعمت براي اهل آتش (جاودانگان در جهنم) سخن مي‌گويد، منظور از آن، حصول عادت و مزاج مناسب با عذاب و عدم احساس المِ آن، و در برخي، تلذذ به آن مي‌باشد كه تنها درباره عذاب ظاهري مطرح است و جاودانگي اصلِ عذاب ظاهري و نيز باقي‌بودن عذاب و اَلَمِ باطني و نَفْسي را نفي نمي‌كند. وي در همين راستا از سعادت مناسب با جهنم براي اهل آن (جاودانگان در جهنم) سخن مي‌راند كه اين نيز نبايد منافي با خلودِ صورتِ عذابِ حسي و المِ عذاب باطني شمرده شود. وي سعادت في‏الجمله اهل جهنم را با سعادت و نعمت اهل بهشت، يكسان يا همسان نمي‌داند و بيش‌ترين توجه وي اين است كه به مقتضاي متن كتاب و سنت، براي اهل جهنم نيز نعمت و سعادتي في‌الجمله وجود دارد. نظر وي اين است كه آنچه نص صريح متون ديني است، خلود عذاب ظاهري (مثل آتش و زقوم) است، نه خلود المِ ناشي از آن.

Ibn Arabi does not reject man’s abiding existence in Hell as well as the eternality of external and internal torment. When speaking of the cutting off the punishment and the emergence of divine blessings for the inhabitants of Hell (those who are the eternal inhabitants of Hell), he intends to say that since they get used to torments therein, therefore they do not feel the pains of torments and punishments; even some takes pleasure from being punished. This, however, is true of the external punishments and does not negate everlasting internal or spiritual punishments. In this connection, he speaks of a sort of happiness that suits the inhabitants of Hell. This does not contradict with the eternality of sensory punishments and the pains of the spiritual punishments. He does not consider the happiness of the inhabitants of Hell as identical to that of the inhabitants of Paradise. Basing his arguments on the Holy Qur’?n and tradition, he suggests that there is also happiness of some kind for the inhabitants of Hell. According to him, the literal meaning of religious texts implies that the inhabitants of Hell experience some kind of eternal sensory punishment (like tasting the Tree of Zaqqum or being inflicted by fire) but it does not indicate that the pain they feel is also eternal.