مقايسه ختم ولايت از نگاه قيصري و حكيم قمشه‌اي

The Seal of Sainthood from the Viewpoint of Qaysari and Hakim Qomsheī

از بحث‌هاي مهم مكتب ابن‌عربي، بحث كيستي ختم ولايت است. شارحان مكتب ابن‌عربي، به ويژه قيصري و حكيم قمشه‌اي، هر كدام با دلايلي به ارايه نظريه پرداخته‌اند. قيصري بر اين باور است كه ختميت ولايت مطلقه از آنِ حضرت عيسي(ع) و ختميت ولايت مقيده از آنِ ابن‌عربي است، او ختميت حضرت مهدي را نمي‌پذيرد، چنان‌كه به ختميت اميرالمومنين اشاره‌اي نمي‌كند اما حكيم قمشه‌اي معتقد است امامان معصوم و نيز عيسي و ابن‌عربي همگي خاتم اوليا هستند؛ زيرا ختم ولايت اطلاق‌هاي گوناگوني دارد و مي‌توان بر اساس هر يك از اين اطلاق‌ها، به ختميت اشخاص پيش‌گفته باور داشت. در نوشتار پيش‌رو ديدگاه اين دو شارح در اين موضوع مقايسه، و مشخص شده است كه ديدگاه قيصري ناقص و در حلّ عبارت‌هاي ابن‌عربي ناكارآمد است و ديدگاه حكيم قمشه‌اي نيز هر چند از اشكال‌هاي قيصري پيراسته است، در پاره‌اي موارد با اشكال‌هايي روبه‌رو است.

The question that who is the seal of the saints constitutes an important discussion in Ibn Arabi’s school of thought. Ibn Arabi’s exponents, particularly Qaysari and Hakim Qomshei, have dealt with the issue on different grounds. Qaysari holds that the seal of absolute sainthood goes to Jesus Christ whereas the seal of bound sainthood refers to Ibn Arabi. He does not accept that Mahdi (may God hasten his appearance) is the seal of the saints nor does he touch the question that Imam Ali (peace be upon him) is the seal of the saints. Hakim Qomshe?, however, believes that the infallible imams, Jesus and Ibn Arabi are all the seal of saints. This is because ‘the seal of sainthood’ has different applications and one can come to believe the afore-mentioned figures as the seal of saints in terms of each of these various applications . The present article seeks to compare the views of these two great exponents concerning the seal of sainthood, showing that Qaysari’s theory of the seal of sainthood is imperfect and unable to get along with Ibn Arabi’s words and that Hakim Qomshei’s theory, though devoid of the difficulties Qaysari’s view encountered, it faces certain other difficulties.