نقش و عملكرد قبيله عبدالقيس در روند تحولات سياسي جهان اسلام (ازآغاز تا پايان خلافت امام علي(ع))

The Role and Function of Abdul Ghais Tribe in the Political Changes of Early Years of Islam (From Beginning up to the End of Imam Ali’s (A) Caliphate)

ساختار سياسي و اجتماعي متشتت جزيره العرب در روزگاران پيش از اسلام، تابعي از حاكميت نظام قبيله‌اي بود. با ظهور اسلام و حركت اصلاح‌گرايانه پيامبر اكرم(ص)، اين ساختار، به سوي همگرايي سياسي سير نمود. اما چند دهه بعد از وفات آن حضرت، نظام متمركز، به يك جريان گريز از مركز تبديل شد و بار ديگر، قبايل منطقه جزيره‌العرب در يك صف‌بندي جديد سياسي- و احياناً مذهبي- به ايفاي نقش پرداختند. در اين ميان، قبيله عبدالقيس با حضور در روند جريان‌هاي سياسي- اجتماعي صدر اسلام و ارتباط عميق و ريشه‌دار آنها با تشيع از يك سو، و دگرگوني تركيب قومي و جمعيتي سرزمين‌هاي پيرامون خليج فارس از سوي ديگر، به صورت عنصري فعال و تاثيرگذار در معادلات سياسي و اجتماعي ظاهر شد. اين پژوهش، با تكيه بر روش توصيفي تحليلي، مي‌كوشد تا نقش بني‌عبدالقيس را در تحولات صدر اسلام مورد بررسي قرار دهد و اهتمام آنها را در فتوحات شرقي قلمرو خلافت اسلامي باز نمايد و به تبيين حمايت بخشي از آنها از علي بن ابي طالب و جريان موسوم به تشيع، بپردازد.

The diverse socio-political structure of the Arabian Peninsula prior to the rise of Islam was in compliance with tribal ruling system. With the emergence of Islam and the Prophet Muhammad’s (SA) reforming movements, this structure changed into political convergence. However, within few decades after the prophet’s demise, the concentric system was decentralized, changed into a divergent system and the tribes of the Arabian Peninsula came to the scene once again adopting new political and probably religious roles. Among other tribes, Abdul Ghais tribe began playing an active, influential role in the socio-political affairs due to its presence in socio-political trends of early years of Islam, its deep and rooted affinity with Shiism on the one hand and the tribal and population transformations in the Persian Gulf’s neighboring lands on the other hand. Through adopting a descriptive-analytic method, the present study aims at exploring the role played by this tribe and its members in the initiation of Islam, their attempts in eastern conquests of the Islamic caliphate and their support of Ali (A) and the so-called Shia movement. The findings show that the role of this tribe in the eastern conquests of the Islamic caliphate and especially in the marine wars was very significant. Furthermore, the affinity of a large section of this tribe with Shiism made its members powerful allies of Imam Ali(A).