زيباشناسي منظر خيابان‌هاي تهران/ سياست‌هاي زيباسازي خيابان‌هاي تهران در چهار دوره تاريخي

Aesthetics of Streetscapes in the City of Tehran/ Management of Tehran’s Streetscapes through Four Epochs

پس از انتخاب تهران به عنوان پايتخت توسط «آغامحمدخان قاجار»، تحولات اساسي در ساماندهي و توسعه تهران به وجود آمد. محور اين تحولات، كشف «خيابان» به عنوان فضايي قابل سرمايه‌گذاري در عرصه‌هاي مختلف بود. ايجاد احساس مطلوبيت هرچه بيشتر در شهر كه با زيبايي خيابان رابطه مستقيم دارد، به توسعه بيش از پيش خيابان‌ها منجر شد. تهران معاصر در چهار دوره تاريخي (قاجار، پهلوي اول، پهلوي دوم و جمهوري اسلامي) نگرش‌هاي متفاوتي را در عرصه مديريت شهري خود تجربه كرده است. زيباشناسي منظر خيابان‌هاي تهران در پي يافتن راهبردها و چگونگي اين نگرش‌ها در زمينه ساخت و مديريت خيابان است. از آنجا كه بسياري بر اين عقيده‌اند تهران داراي اغتشاش بصري است، زيباشناسي منظر خيابان‌هاي تهران معاصر مي‌تواند راهبردهاي برون‌رفت از اين معضل را در حوزه مورد بحث نمايش دهد.

After Agha Mohammad Khan Qadjâr chose Tehran as Iran capital, major changes occurred in Tehran. One of the strategic elements in this development was "street" role, which was recognized as an investment key for City management to participate in this improvement. Streets were more enhanced and developed by creating more favorable impression of the city, which has a direct relationship with the beauty of the streets. Contemporary Tehran (1850 – 2012) in its four historical periods (Qadjâr, Pahlavi I, Pahlavi II and the Islamic Republic) has experienced different visions in City management. Aesthetics street landscape of Tehran has been seeking for strategies of those visions in construction and management of the street. Many believe that Tehran has visual disturbance, while aesthetics street landscape of Tehran can present the strategy of getting out of those known illness. Hypothesis It appears that aesthetic authorities have always influenced aesthetics street landscape of contemporary Tehran. Having no clear strategy in street landscape has caused the visual disturbance creation in the period of the Islamic Republic (1978 till now). Methods This research is based on followings: 1. Recognizing street landscape as citizen’s perception of street. 2. Referring to official documents and qualitative analysis of the streets for presenting the aesthetic street landscape criteria. 3. Analyzing one of the well-established landscape streets in each era. 4. Aesthetics street landscape Interpretation policies based on criteria provided in the selected streets.