بازشناسي مكان؛ مطالعه موردي: ميدان شهرداري رشت

Recognition Place; the Sample Rasht Shahrdari (city hall) Square

در آغاز مي‌توان پرسش‌هايي از اين دست را مطرح ساخت: چرا بازشناسي مكان‌ها ضروري است؟ در اين بازشناسي به چه مولفه‌هايي مي‌بايست پرداخت؟ اين مولفه‌ها در مكاني مصداقي، چه شناختي را مي‌توانند به دست دهند؟ اين نوشتار تلاشي دارد براي شناخت «مكان» كه بر پايه تحقيقي كيفي، از طريق سه ‌مولفه‌ كالبدي و كاركردي و معنايي به دست آمده است. در اين تحقيق ‌مولفه معنايي حاصل رويدادها، خاطره‌ها، افسانه‌ها و روايت‌هاي ذهني مشترك است؛ مولفه كالبدي همانا برآيندِ چشم‌انداز طبيعي و مصنوع است؛ و حوزه كاركردي نيز از عملكردها و فعاليت‌هاي انجام‌شده در مكان نتيجه مي‌شود. البته بايد بر اين نكته تاكيد كرد به دليل تسلط عنصر زمان، عموماً آنچه كه به دست مي‌آيد، فقط به بخشي از هويت پويا و مبهم مكان اشاره مي‌كند. به منظور تبيين بيشتر موضوع، شناخت شاخص‌هاي تعيين‌شده در يكي از عناصر مهم شهري يعني ميدان، با مصداق «ميدانِ شهرداري رشت»، كه زندگي جاري شهروندان اين شهر ـ خواسته يا ناخواسته ـ با آن عجين شده، مورد تحقيق قرار گرفته است. افزون بر آن، آشفتگي‌هاي كالبدي، نابساماني‌هاي كاركردي و اختلالات ايجادشده در مولفه معنايي مكان در اين ميدان شهري تبيين گرديده است. ميدان شهرداري رشت ميداني تاريخي است كه در عين دارا بودن ظرفيت‌هاي مناسب معنايي و كالبدي و كاركردي، متاسفانه به دليل سياست‌هاي اعمال‌شده، معمولاً در حد فلكه تسهيل‌كننده ترافيك خودرو عمل مي‌كند. كالبد پيراموني آن نيز بي‌ارتباط با بستر و زمينه‌اش، هر روز نوايي ناموزون‌تر از پيش ‌ساز مي‌كند. اين ميدان، برخلاف معناي ديرين آن، مردمان را از حضور در آن برحذر مي‌دارد. اين نوشتار در جست‌وجوي يافتن پاسخ براي اين سه پرسش است: چرا به بازشناسي مكان نياز است؟ 2- در اين بازشناسي به چه مولفه‌هايي مي‌بايست پرداخت؟ 3- اين مولفه‌ها در مكاني مصداقي ـ مانند ميدان شهرداري رشت ـ چه شناختي را به دست مي‌دهند؟

This article is adapted from an attempt to identify “place” has been achieved based on qualitative research through three physical components, functional and semantic. In this research semantic components of events, memory, myth and tradition and common mental energies of skeletal, ambushed the prospect of natural and artificial, And the function of performances and activities occurred in the place, stressed that due to control generally element of time what is the result and point out to only part of a dynamic and uncertain place. In order to further clarify the issue, an important element of urban indicators defined in the field, with a true “Rasht city hall” has been investigated the citizens of this city’s life has been intertwined with that willingly or no. And physical disturbances, functional disorders and disruptions in the semantic component in space have been presented in this city hall square. From past to now the developments can be divided in to three sections: A: The squares with geometric, regular and spatial plan that there is an interaction among square and monumental building in around the square with visual effects (example: Naqsh-e-Jahan square in Esfahan). B: The squares where is formed in the middle of a main street. In this field there is a sense of semi-square. This type show the square space has retreated from street. This is a contemporary feature in some cities (example: 15 Khordad square in Tehran). C: The late contemporary square as a circle street where a place for traffic. In this square the presence of people is lower and cars are more (at all of cities). The Shahrdari square in Rasht is a contemporary square when had constructed in Pahlavi I period and during these years has considered in fields of type of “A” and “B” too, but now, has considered actually in type of “C” shape and structure of square in urban areas of Iran and during the historical period has changed to real evolution. These changes in relation to nature of function and performance or depending on the circumstances of place and time had been variated and indicate that the square had been human-centered identity in the past. In addition, in the contemporary period, the function and plasticity was affected to other needs and necessities. Rasht Shahrdari square is a historic square. Today, this square is symbol and central core of Rasht city. Shahrdari square and its rectangular shape have special emphasis in the direction because of municipality building establishment in line with the long axis of the rectangle. This square also having semantic adequate capacity, physical and functional unfortunately, because the policies generally limit vehicle traffic, the square has a facilitator and the body’s relationship with its surrounding context, every day more inharmonious sound plays from yesterday. Unlike its old meaning of this field, people are warned of their presence within. Writing ahead is searching of answers to the following three questions: 1-Why do we need to recognize places? 2- In this recognition, what components should look like? 3-This applies to components in a single location (city hall Rasht) what we offer to cognition? This article mentions the both functional component and meaning component had been associated because of municipality building as an important memorial in Shahrdari square. In final this article mention to many conclusion points and such that any program or physical planning without knowing the quality of location can damage to functional facilities and meaning context. So it cause to denial of participation of citizens in the field of square and even the death of memories.