ارزيابي و شناسايي كنشگران توسعه ناپايدار محله هاي غيررسمي؛ نمونه موردي: محله غيررسمي شميران نو

Evaluation and Identification of Unsustainable Development of Informal Neighborhoods’ Actors; Case Study: The Informal Neighborhood of Shemiran_Nou

ساخت و سازهاي غيررسمي، بخشي از حيات ناپايدار شهري در طول تاريخ شهرنشيني بوده اند. اين محله ها بهواسطه تامين تقاضاي سرپناه اقشار كم درآمد، محل تجمع گونه هاي مختلف اقشار و طبقات اجتماعي فرودست هستند. اين درواقع تقاضا و تجمعي است كه شاكله ناپايداري حيات شهري اين محله ها را به وجود مي آورد. اين مقاله، به مردم نگاري سكونتگاه غيررسمي شميران نو واقع در منطقه 4 شهرداري تهران مي پردازد. هدف پژوهش، شناسايي انگيزه ها، تمايلات و آثار گروه هاي سازنده غيرمجاز است. نتايج نشان مي دهد كه حداقل سه گروه اجتماعي متفاوت، دست به ساختوسازهاي بيقاعده در محيط و فضاي اين محله مي زنند: گروه يكم قديمي هاي ناچار است، گروه دوم مهاجران مهاجرپذير و گروه سوم سودجويان مسافر. هريك از اين كنشگران مي توانند منابعي بااهميت براي پايداري محله باشند. مقايسه نتايج تحقيق با مدل هاي معتبر نشان ميدهد كه محله مورد بررسي داراي گونه هاي متفاوت اجتماعي با وضعيت رواني و اجتماعي مختلف است. بنابراين دستيابي به اهداف برنامه هاي بهسازي و اصلاحي با استفاده از روش هاي تركيبي و پويا با هدايت ظرفيت ها و انگيزه ها و خواسته هاي گروه هاي سازنده مقدور خواهد شد.

Informal and not following established procedures constructions have been a part of non continuous survival and urban unsustainable life, during urbanization history and urban life. These neighborhoods have been the aggregation points of different social and community species and inferior social classes due to demand for low income housing. Demanded and accumulation points which have formed and caused unsustainable urban life of these neighborhoods and settlements. Development of these parts of neighborhoods in the cities have occurred in illegal and unlawful ways, so researchers are eager to find out the results and consequences of these kinds of complex changing in relationship with urban life. These human gatherings have caused immigration of other people to these places, and therefore finding different cultures in them is a norm. Divers life styles and conflicting capacities are results of these different ways of living, but Communities and social groups of these urban sectors are not negligible, because they are residents of cities and they have Civil rights. This paper is an ethnographic research report of Shemiran Nou informal Settlement, at 4th region of Tehran municipality. The observations and interviews have been used in this research method, and description of illegal constructor’s groups has been very important to recognize the informal neighborhood status. In this research it is accepted that the social groups of these settlements have the most important capacities for neighborhoods sustainability, so development of their abilities and powers is among the main objectives of the research which are achievable by finding the characteristics of these communities. It is clear that the social groups of these neighborhoods are active actors, so urban planners and managers need to know about their behavioral, social and economical positions. The objectives of this research are to indentify motivations, desires & impacts of social groups of illegal constructors. Therefore, successful access to each part of this community will be the best way for deep understanding. Because of that makes the trust and confidence was very important. The results illustrate at least three different kinds of social groups have and are constructing irregular constructions and buildings in this neighborhood: the first group is so called as the inevitable aboriginal people or poor primitive owners who are the oldest residents in this neighborhood. The second one known as immigrants that are immigrant absorber. These people have traveled to the mentioned settlement and tempt their ex-neighbors into immigrating to this informal settlement. The third one is identified as travelers group of profit seeker or users of the economic potentials of constructions and building activities. They travel and leave the neighborhood after their actions and don’t care about their customers and constructions. While each one of these actors could be regarded as important sources for neighborhood sustainability, achieving rehabilitation plans through utilizing hybrid and dynamic methods with directing the producer group capacities, motivations and demands, could be feasible. A comparison between the results this research and the social groups of informal settlements’ models shows that Shemiran Nou is a mixed community with different construction ways.