تاثيـرپذيري منبع قاعده‌ي حقوقي از منشا الزام‌آوري قاعده‌ي حقوقي

The Impacts of Basis of Binding Character of a Legal Rule on It’s Source

مبنا، منبع و هدف قاعده‌ي حقوقي را مي‌توان سه ركن اصلي هر نظام حقوقي دانست. شكل‌گيري مفهوم نظام حقوقي، مستلزم برقراري نوعي ارتباط و انسجام بين اين اركان است؛ در هر نظام حقوقي، منبع يا ابزار بيان قواعد حقوقي و نيز هدف قواعد و نهادهاي حقوقي، متاثر از مبنا و منشا الزام‌آوري قواعد در آن نظام حقوقي است. به عبارت ديگر، هر پاسخي كه به چيستي منشا الزام‌آوري قاعده‌ي حقوقي داده شود، پاسخي متافيزيكي يا واقع‌گرايانه، در نوع منابع و حتي كاركرد آن‌ها (مانند نقش طريقيتي يا موضوعيتي قانون) موثر است. نوع تعامل و نسبت بين منابع و ارتباط افقي يا سلسله‌مراتبي بين آن‌ها نيز، در نظام‌هاي حقوقي ديني و هم‌چنين غيرديني، به چيستي و چگونگي مبنا و منشا الزام‌آوري قواعد حقوقي بستگي دارد.

The basis, the source and the goal of a legal rule may be considered as the three main bodies of each legal system. Undoubtedly, for the formation of the concept of a legal system, a sort of relation and cohesion between the said bodies deems necessary. The source of a legal rule, or instrument of the expression of a legal rule, and also the goal of the rules and the legal institutions, in any legal system, are influenced by the basis and the source of binding force of the rules in the legal system, in question. In other words, any answer as to the source of binding character of a legal rule, either a metaphysical or realistic one, would affect the type of sources of the legal rule and even their functions, whether subjective role of the law or its objective one. The type of interaction and the relation between sources and the horizontal or hierarchical link between them, are both in religious and non-religious legal systems dependent on the nature and concept of basis as well as binding source of legal rules.