بررسي و تحليل زيبايي شناسي تزيينات قرآن هاي دوره صفويه (با توجه به نمونه هايي از قرآن ­هاي مُذَهَّب موزه ملي قرآن كريم تهران)

An Aesthetic Analysis of Decorations of Safavid Qurans (Regarding a number of illuminated Qurans in National Museum of Quran in Tehran)

رشد كتاب­?آرايي در تمدن اسلامي بسيار متاثر از جايگاه قرآن كريم در اسلام بوده است (هرچند سهم ميراث كتاب?­آرايي بازمانده از تمدن?­هاي پيش از اسلام و انتقال آن به تمدن اسلامي انكارناپذير است). بنابراين در اين مقاله، قرآن به عنوان سندي محكم براي بررسي زيبايي?­شناختي تزيينات انتخاب شده است و در اين ميان قرآن­?هاي دوره­ صفويه به جهت هماهنگي اصولي رنگ و نقش، كيفيت كاغذ، صحافي، تجليد و... قابليت بررسي و تحليل دارند چرا كه بدون شناخت اين عناصر نمي­?توان مفهوم جامعي از هنر قرآن آرايي ارايه داد. هدف از بررسي تذهيب­?هاي قرآني دوره صفويه، علاوه بر شناخت ميزان تاثير?پذيري قرآن­?آرايي اين دوره از سده?هاي پيش از خود، شناسايي تزيينات نُسخه­?هايي از موزه ملي قرآن است كه تا كنون پژوهشي درمورد آنها در قالب مقاله، كتاب و پايان نامه ارايه نشده است. بر اين اساس از 32 نسخه قرآني دوره صفويه موزه ملي قرآن كريم (با توجه به محدوديت بازديد از مخزن)، زيبايي?شناسي تزيينات 6 نسخه قرآني تالار اصلي موزه به شيوه توصيفي تحليلي و به روش كتابخانه?­اي و نظرات نسخه?­شناسان ارزشمند كشور بررسي مي­?شود.

The development of book decoration in Islamic civilization was mainly under the influence of the Holy Quran’s position in Islam (however, there was undoubtedly the heritage of book decoration remained of pre-Islamic civilizations and transferred to Islamic civilization). Thus, in this article the Quran has been selected as an authentic document for aesthetic analysis of decorations and in this regard the Safavid Qurans can be studied due to the harmony of color and pattern, quality of paper, binding etc and it is clear that a comprehensive analysis of the art of Quran decoration cannot be proposed without studying such elements. The aim of investigating Quranic illuminations of Safavid period is not only gaining knowledge about the influence of past centuries on Quranic decorations of this period but also recognizing the decorations of some manuscripts of National Museum of Quran which have not been studied before. In this regard, of 32 Safavid Quranic manuscripts in National Museum of Quran (due to the restrictions of visiting the archive) 6 manuscripts of the main hall of the museum were selected and the aesthetics of their decorations was studied by applying the descriptive-analytic method as well as using the ideas of great palaeographs of the country.