شبكه مثمر شهري راهكاري براي دستيابي به توسعه پايدار

Productive Urban Network A Strategy for Achieving Sustainable Development

سال‌هاست كه تحقق آرمان پايداري يكي از مهم‌ترين دغدغه‌هاي بسياري از حوزه‌هاي دانش بشري به‌شمار مي‌رود. در همين راستا چنانكه رويكردهاي تخصصي برنامه‌ريزي و طراحي شهري به مفهوم پايداري و جنبه‌هاي آن بي‌توجه باشد، در زمان فشارهاي فزاينده جمعيتي بر منابع طبيعي تجديدپذير يا تجديدناپذير و فرآيندهاي بوم‌شناسي و روند گرم‌شدن محيط زمين از معناي چنداني برخوردار نخواهد بود. بر اين اساس در اين پژوهش، موضوع "مناظر شهري پايدار" با ويژگي‌هاي چندعملكردي و كيفيت‌گرا، در نيل به پايداري مد نظر قرار مي‌گيرد. در روند توسعه مفهوم منظر شهري كيفيت‌گرا به نظر مي‌رسد بازگرداندن اسطوره ثمردهي به منظر شهري با "افزودن زيرساخت‌هاي سبز جديد به شهر‌هاي در حال توسعه" منجر به حيات و پويايي شهرها شود. ثمردهي به عنوان يكي از زمينه‌هاي دستيابي به توسعه پايدار شهرهاتداعي‌كننده طراحي فضاهاي باز شهري به عنوان سيستم فضاهاي باز چندمنظورهاست. پرسش اصلي در اين پژوهش، "چرايي حضور و تلفيق گياهان مثمر در بستر فضاهاي باز عمومي شهري و نقش آنها در توسعه پايدار شهرها" است. به نظر مي‌رسد با توجه به رويكردهاي كنوني موجود در ارتباط با موضوع اين پژوهش، حضور گياهان مثمر در شهر به عنوان عامل يكپارچه‌ساز توسعه شهرها، پاسخي به چالش‌هاي به وجود آمده در رابطه با شهر‌هاي بزرگ فردا خواهد بود. روش كار بر مطالعه اسناد و ديدگاه‌هاي نوين در توسعه كيفي فضاهاي باز شهري استوار است. براساس هدف تعيين شده، شهرهاي موفق به عنوان نمونه موردي در امر تلفيق مناظر شهري و مناظر روستايي بررسي مي‌شوند، تا بدين ترتيب بتوان به مبنايي كاربردي در ايجاد منظر مثمر شهر تهران دست يافت.

It’s a long time that accomplishment of sustainability is one of the most prominent concerns in the fields of human knowledge. Regarding this matter, in case the specialized strategies of urban planning and design don’t consider the concept of sustainability and its aspects, they will not make any sense in the time of population increasing pressures on natural renewable or non renewable sources and ecology processes and the process of global warming. Therefore, in this research, the subject of “sustainable urban landscapes” with multi-functional and qualitative features will be considered to achieve sustainability. In this case, it seems that in development process of the concept of qualitative urban landscape, the restoration of productive myth to urban landscape in form of “new green infrastructures for developing cities” can lead to reviving these cities. Productive urban landscape is one of the bases of accessing sustainable urban development. The main question in this research is “The presence and incorporation of productive plants in open public places of the city and their role in urban sustainability”. With respect to the current strategies which is related to the subject of this research, it seems that the presence of productive plants in the city as a factor of development of cities is the respond of caused challenges for the future metropolitans. “Urban landscapenetwork with productive plants” is an integrated policy to link the productive plants and cities based on the creation of a new urban infrastructure and supporting redefinition of urban open space performance by the key factor of “urban agriculture and gardening." The scale of productive plants presence include a wide scope of suburban areas and recycled realms, urban parks, urban corridors, facades and roofs (the fifth façade), private and collaborative gardens, small courtyards of residential, window sides and terraces.This will lead to be recognition of agriculture in addition to the urban beautification in every scale. In order to accomplish productive urban networks the establishment of urban landscape network with productive plants and generating ecological design for sustainable life and cycling metabolism should be revised simultaneously. A successful productive network in the city will be achieved through practicing sustainable agricultural methods and using cycling mechanisms.\Thus, this study discusses two cities of Havana in Cuba and Casablanca in Morocco as successful case studies of productive landscape in developing countries according to subject tendency and sustainability concerns. Furthermore the necessity for the presence of productive plants in Tehran is studied and it is concluded that “the presence of productive plants in urban open spaces”is not a factor that integrates urban development and climatic issues and it is not the priority in designing cities. Its aim is "to add new green infrastructure to existing cities".Restoring water infrastructures as well as establishment of a productive network in can add liveliness to Tehran city and lead to re-establishment of a communication between residents and the natural flows and processes.