نقش بحث برانگيز تقليد در فراگيري زبان اول

The Controversial Role of Imitation in First Language Acquisition

چكيده: زبان يك فعاليت مهارتي است. در فراگيري و رشد اين مهارت تقليد مي تواند داراي نقش هاي مختلفي باشد . تقليد در زبان ممكن است به نقش و عملكرد آن در ديگر فعاليتها شامل علم رباتيك نيز مربوط باشد. تقليد چه نقشي در فراگيري زبان مادري دارد ؟تقليد چه نقشي در منشا تكاملّي و سير تنوع زبان داشته و تا چه حد به منبع كلماتي كه به كار ميبريم و شيو ههاي كنار هم قرارگيري كلمات ارتباط دارد. اين پرس شها را مي توان در چندين سطح بررسي نمود. تقليد و همچنين بين (motor and perceptual) از هرگون هاي كه باشد به معناي رابطه بين عملكرد دريافتي وحركتي سامانه حركتي مغز و سامانه هاي ديگري چون بينايي و حسي است. نقش و عملكرد تقليد در زبان و مهارت سخن موضوعات مورد مطالعه در علوم مختلفي همچون زبان شناسي ، رشد كودك ، عصب شناسي ، نظري ه تكامل و روانشناسي اجتماعي هستند. محور اصلي اين مقاله تاكيد جديد بر پايه حركتي – جسماني فراگيري زبان در ارتباط با تقليد گفتار واشاره و بطور خاص بر ساختمان مغزي – حركتي بعنوان يك ديدگاه جديد در بررسي مساله مي باشد.

Abstract Language is a skilled activity. In the development and acquisition of the skill, imitation may play different roles. Imitation in language may be related to and throw light on the role and functioning of imitation in other areas including imitation in robotics. What part does imitation play in the child’s acquisition of its mother language? What role did imitation play in the evolutionary origin and diversification of language? How much has imitation to do with the sources of the words we use and the ways those words are put together? These questions can be considered at different levels, the surface forms of language and speech, the underlying systematicies of language and speech, the problem of speech at the articulatory level and beyond or beneath that the problem of the functioning of imitation at the neural level. Imitation of any kind involves a relation between motor and perceptual functioning, between the motor system of the brain and the visual and other sensory systems. Language and speech also require interaction and coordination between motor activity and perceptual activity. The role and functioning of imitation in language and speech are subjects of study in many different disciplines, not only linguistics proper but also child development, neurology, evolutionary theory, social psychology. A central idea in this paper is a new emphasis on the bodily basis of language in relation to imitated speech and gesture, and more specifically on cerebral motor organization as providing a possible new approach to the problem.