چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
In eastern Mediterranean and in cultures before emergence of writing, in America (before its discovery by Christof Columbus ) and in Africa, this belief existed that mental disorders like other physical diseases are also descended by god or gods. In those periods due to unfamiliarity of people with complexity of human brain functions, people used to attribute reason of any misfortune, abnormal behaviors or mental abnormality of mankind to devils and also they used white magic and black magic.Meanwhile prognosis of some special mental disorders were recognized on basis of numbers study, fortune-telling, divination and by persons who according to themselves and beliefs of the sufferers who consulted them had special intuitive powers (Zilbourgh 1941).
The results of the studies indicate that in the period of new Stone Age and at least in some cultures, people used method of boring the head skull for treatment of mental disorders. The result of these studies shows that between four to five thousands years ago, people used this method of therapy to help abnormal individuals in Eastern Mediterranean and Northern African countries. In those ages, the prevalent and common belief was that brain surgery and making a hole on the brain of an abnormal individual, would free the evil spirit, which existed in the person’s head and the sufferer could be saved from excruciation and annoying himself and others (Agor Concat, 1968). Also Shamanism was generally a method of therapy which although its history is quite olden, it is still seen among the people of some societies of the different countries in the world.
In the beginning of civilization of human societies, the Egyptians thought that life is a kind of balance between internal and external powers.They also believed that by applying special techniques and methods and also by using healing sleep, it is possible to contact the spirits and the dead ( for example, the spirits of the pharaohs ). After passing several thousands years, if we could trust the vestiges and remnant from those periods and also the accuracy and exactness of the olden literacy for example by looking at the biography of Sinoheh, the special doctor of Pharaoh, we encounter cases in which application of uncommon methods of psychosomatic disorders therapy would cause the people of our generation to wonder.In his biography he has written
