سعادت از ديدگاهابن‏سيناوآگوستين:مطالعه مقايسه‏اي

Happiness from Augustine and Ibn Sina’s Point of View: A Comparitive Study

ابن‏سينافيلسوف بزرگ عقل‏گراي مسلمان سعادت انسان را رسيدن وي به كمال قوه عاقله و اتحاد با عالم عقول مجرده ميداند. از نظر او سعادت امري ذو مراتب است وكامل‏ترين وعالي‏ترين مرتبه آن سعادت عقلي است. همچنين وي بيان مي‏دارد سعادت و شقاوت مطلق تنهادرآخرتقابل تحصيل است.درمقابل اين ديدگاه ابن‏سيناكه در بسترعقلانيت مبتني بر وحي شكل گرفته است،او آگوستين فيلسوف ايمان‏گراي مسيحي نيزسعادت را شناخت خداو تقرب به او مي‏داند.او نيز اين نوع سعادت را در اين جهان خاكي قابل حصول ندانسته و ثبات و آسايش حقيقي رابه جهان ديگر موكول مي‏كند.از نظر آگوستين گرچه همه انسان‏ها به دنبال سعادت‏اند، اما سعادت حقيقي تنها از طريق مسيحيت امكان‏پذيراست. بررسيمواضعخلافووفاقايندوديدگاهنشانمي‏دهدكههريكازايندوفيلسوفبامبانيفكريخاصخودكهعمدتاً در بستر ديني ايشان شكل گرفته است بر معرفت و شناخت به عنوان سعادت حقيقي تاكيدكرده‏اند.

Ibn Sina the great rationalist Muslim philosopher considers man’s happiness the same as his attainment to a perfection of rational faculty and his unity with world of non – material intellects. For him, happiness has different degrees and its mosl complete and highest degree is intellectual happiness.Likewise, he states that complete happiness and wretchedness is only attainable in the hereafter. Against this view point of Ibn Sina which has been formed in the context of rationality based on revelation, the Christian fideist philosopher St. Augustine too regards happiness an knowledge of God and closeness to Him. He also does not consider this kind of happiness attainable in this earthly world and he defers true stability and comfort to the next world. For Augustine, although all human beings are seeking happiness, but true happiness is possible only through Christianity. The study of opposite and conforming position of these two viewpoints shows that each of these two philosophers with their own particular intellectual principles which has mainly been shaped in the religious context of man have emphasised on knowledge as a condition for true happiness.