پديد آورندگان :
پورطاهري، مهدي نويسنده دانشگاه تربيت مدرس , , پريشان، مجيد نويسنده دانشگاه تربيت مدرس Parishan , M , ركنالدين افتخاري، عبدالرضا نويسنده دانشگاه تربيت مدرس , , عسگري، علي نويسنده دانشگاه يورك كانادا ,
چكيده لاتين :
Natural hazards as recurring phenomenon have always existed in human life and
will in the future, too. Nowadays Natural hazards occur throughout the world, but
their impacts have been increasing and are generally much greater in developing
countries than in developed ones. Earthquake is a kind of natural hazard that has the
most damages for humankind. Earthquakes pose inevitable risks to everyone who
lives on this planet. It is known that approximately 20% of the world’s populations
live in seismically active zones. Furthermore, 90% of that population will be at risk
in developing countries. Among the developing countries, because of the
environmental structure, Iran is very vulnerable to natural hazards. In a brief look at
the map of the earthquakes in Iran, we considered that most populated (rural and
urban settlements) are located in the Zagros and Alborz piedmonts, which in terms
of the threat from Earthquake disasters have relatively high vulnerability.
Approximately, 32% of the Iran areas, 70% of population, and 67% of gross
domestic production (GDP) in these regions are exposed to high risk of earthquake.
Methodology
Although In recent years Experts and planners used many approaches for mitigation
of Earthquake consequences, the increasing severity of disasters and their human
and economic costs, illustrated the importance of new approaches such as
earthquake risk management for mitigation of Earthquake Vulnerability. Earthquake
risk management is to make plans and apply those for reducing human losses and
protect properties from earthquake hazards. One of the most important
characteristics of earthquake risk management approach is providing the framework
for reducing the vulnerability to earthquake hazards and mitigating its impacts in
settlements. Survey and attention to all of the key factors that are most important in
earthquake risk mitigation such as education, awareness, knowledge, skill,
institutional capability and environmental capacity are of the most important
characteristics of earthquake risk management approach. Earthquake risk
management approach provide the framework for reducing the vulnerability to
earthquake hazards and mitigating of its impacts in all settlements (urban and rural).
So because rural residence are more vulnerable compared to urban areas in
particular against natural hazards and earthquake risk, using earthquake risk
management framework as a new approach to natural hazard management has
become more critical.
Findings
Researchers using qualitative and quantitative methods have attempted to clarify the
state the most important factors of earthquake risk management, such as education,
awareness, knowledge, skill, institutional capability & resilience between rural
people of Qazvin Township. In this study 29 villages of Qazvin Township is
Rural Research Quarterly Spring 2011
selected as sample. Results of field studies as well as statistical analysis found that
all of the key factors of risk management (education, awareness, knowledge , skill,
institutional capability & resilience) that are Influenced by factors such as low
awareness of the residents of skills to deal with earthquake risk, living in
inappropriate situations, distance from major cities, lack of educational preparation
classes and environmental disaster (earthquake), low literacy of, residents lowquality
of housing and infrastructure, The least attention of authorities and
organizations related to earthquake risk management and soon are in the low level or
at the bottom. In order to decrease the consequences of earthquakes among the rural
settlement, empowerment of education, awareness, knowledge, skill, and
institutional capability is necessary. In other words in order to reduce vulnerability
of rural settlements in Qazvin Township it is suggested increase awareness (special
location) increase the skills (technical, communication and interactivity, and
rehabilitation), knowledge (formal and informal), participation (Before, during and
after) earthquake, institutional capacity (institutional structure, institutional function
and institutional relations), environmental bearing capacity (improve the quality of
housing, improve infrastructure, improve access, the construction of buildings and
increase aid and so on.
Conclusion
It should be noted that earthquake risk is a fact. and reduction of earthquake risk in
all settlements, especially rural areas need attention and effort. So to reduce the
vulnerability of rural areas the earthquake, the use of earthquake risk management
framework is proposed and its application in earthquake risk management in all
stages (data collection and identification of earthquake risk, describing the risk,
qualitative and quantitative risk analysis, estimating the damage Quality, risk
acceptance and planning to reduce injuries) in the whole process (before, during and
after) the earthquake is necessary. Of course, for application or operational risk
management process, considering environmental, social - cultural, economic and
physical structures of rural communities is the key.
Rural
