روش تفسيري علّامه طباطبايي

ʹʹAllāmah ṬabāṭabaῙ’s Method of Commentary

تفسير به معناي كشف معناي ظاهري قرآن است و دست‏يابي به مباني باطني قرآن و تاويل آن و تبيين مسايل قرآني خارج از تفسير است. ادعاي مرحوم علّامه طباطبايي اين است كه قرآن براي فهم معاني و مقاصد خود، نيازي به امر خارج از قرآن ندارد و برخي آيات قرآن بعضي ديگر را تفسير مي‏كند. از اين‏رو، شيوه تفسير الميزان، قرآن به قرآن است. ايشان مي‏پذيرد كه يك مفسر براي فهم مقررات و الفاظ قرآن نيازمند مراجعه به كتب لغت، قواعد ادبيات عرب و قراين مربوط به كلام است و اين روش عقلايي است و اين كار خارج از روش تفسير نيست. همچنين فهم تفصيل احكام قرآن و قصه‏هاي آن را بايد از روايات پيامبر و اهل‏بيت عليهم‏السلام به دست آورد. مثلاً اصل «صلوه» را از قرآن به دست مي‏آوريم، اما تفصيل احكام قرآن را بايد به روايات و سنت پيامبر مراجعه كرد. اين امر به معناي اين نيست كه ما براي تفسير «صلوه» احتياج به روايات داريم.

"Qur’an Commentary" means explaining the outward meaning of the Qur’an, i.e., the Qur’an is not intended to explain inner meaning. Late ʹAll?mah ?ab??aba? claims that understanding the Qur’an does not need referring to any source other than the Qur’an. Some Qur’anic verses explain the meaning of other Qur’anic verses. Therefore, the commentary of Al-Mizan is based on the Qur’an-by-the Qur’an method of interpretation. Furthermore, the Qur’an has esoteric and inner meaning, and when dealing with the inner and esoteric meaning, we cannot extract it from the Qur’an itself. When an interpreter wants to understand the language of the Qur’an he/she has to refer to the dictionary, which is quite reasonable and in line with the method of commentary. Although some features of the injunctions of Islam which the Qur’an tries to explain have been expounded, one has to refer to the traditions related from the Holy prophet and his family in order to have a clear idea. For example, we have been informed of the principle of "prayer" by the Qur’an, but in order to have detailed knowledge of Qur’anic commands we should refer to prophetʹs traditions and Sunna. This does not mean that we need traditions to interpret the "prayer"