بررسي ديدگاه خاورشناسان پيرامون مصادر قرآن

Analysis of the views of orientalists concerning the source of the Qur’an

چكيده برخي خاورشناسان پيرامون مصادر و منابع وحياني قرآن ترديد كرده‌، بر آن‌اند كه محمد? قرآن را از فرهنگ‌هاي گوناگون، اديان و اشخاص و كتب مختلف گرفته است و ديگر اينكه قرآن محصول تجربيات شخصي پيامبر? و نتيجه افكار او يا القاي شيطان به او بوده و منبع وحياني ندارد. در اين مقاله، استدلال خاورشناسان پيرامون مصادر قرآن طرح و بررسي گرديده و تبيين شده است كه به صرف مشابهت تعاليم تورات و انجيل با قرآن، نمي‌توان قرآن را مقتبس از آنها دانست؛ زيرا اديان آسماني در اصول دعوت با هم مشتركند و در مسايل جزيي با هم اختلاف دارند. هم‌چنين انتقاد قرآن از تعا‌ليم يهود و مسيحيت و تفاوت ماهوي با آنها نشانه عدم اخذ قرآن از آنهاست. فرهنگ و آداب پسنديده مردم عصر نزول و اشعار آنها نيز از مصادر قرآن نيست؛ زيرا قرآن با فرهنگ عصر نزول و با محتواي اشعار آنها مخالفت كرده و از اساس آنها را تغيير داده است. وجود آيات قرآني در اشعار اميه بن صلت، نشانه تاثير‌پذيري اين شاعر از قرآن است. ظاهر الفاظ قرآن با سخنان پيامبر? از نظر فصاحت و بلاغت فاصله زيادي دارد. پس قرآن نتيجه افكار و تاملات شخصي او نبوده وآن را در سفرهاي خويش از ديگران اقتباس نكرده است. واژه‌هاي كليدي: قرآن، خاورشناسان، مصادر وحي، وحي نفسي.

Analysis of the views of orientalists concerning the source of the Qur’an Dr. Sayed ‘Ali Akbar Rabi’ Nataj Associate Professor in University of Mazanderan Ramdhan Mahdavi Azad Bani Lecturer, University of Mazanderan Habibullah Halemi Juludar Lecturer, University of Mazanderan Abstract Some of the orientalists are of the opinion that the Qur’an is not divinely revealed book. They believe that Muhammad has compiled the Qur’an from various cultures, religions, people and books or the Qur’an is the result of the experience and thought of Muhammad or [God forbid] a satanic inspiration and does not contain any divinity. In this paper, the arguments of orientalists concerning the source of the Qur’an have been scrutinized and the conclusion has been derived that alone having similarity with the Bible does not establish the theory that the Qur’an has been derived from that. Principally, all revealed religions in their teachings have a common nature of guidance to mankind and in general they share the same teachings while differ in minor issues. Furthermore, the Qur’anic criticism of the Biblical teachings and its differences with that shows that it has not been derived from it. The culture and some of the etiquettes of the people of the time of revelation and their poems cannot be considered as the source of the Qur’an because the Qur’an has protested and criticised them and their culture and poems and has changed all these from the base. Rather, it should be said that the presence of the Qur’anic verse in the poetry of Ummyah bin Salt shows that how they were influenced by the Qur’an. Besides, the articulacy of the prophet was lower than the Qur’an from the view point of Arabic eloquence and rhetoric. This indicates that the Qur’an was not the result of the Prophet contemplation or experience and neither he took it from someone in journeys rather, the Qur’an has been revealed from the Lord of the worlds that the Qur’an says, “(This is) a Message sent down from the Lord of the Worlds” (al Haqqa 69:43). Keywords: Qur’an, Orientalists, Source of the Qur’an, Self-revelation