بررسي مولفه‌اي از خسروانيات در تصوف خراسان

A Study of an Element of Khosravaniat Persian Poems in Khorasan Mystic School

جريان عظيم تصوف، از سرچشمه‌هاي متعددي نشيت‌گرفته و تاثير پذيرفته است. يكي از آبشخورهاي مهم آن دين‌هاي كهن، به‌ويژه دين زرتشت است. قدر‌مشترك‌هاي چندي مي‌توان ميان تصوف و كيش زرتشت يافت. يكي از اين وجوه اشتراك همان «راه‌نماي پنهاني مردان حق» است كه در اين مقال تلاش شده با تكيه بر احوال و اقوال دين‌مردان دوره باستان و دو تن از نمايندگان نامدار تصوف خراسان – كه يكي در خاور اين قلمرو و ديگر در باختر آن مي‌زيست بررسي شود. هر دين‌مردي دو نوع راهنما دارد: دسته اول راهنمايان انساني كه پير يا مراد ناميده مي‌شوند و در بعد افقي دين‌مردان قرار دارند؛ دسته دوم راهنماي پنهاني‌اي كه با بعد عمودي دين‌مردان را هدايت مي‌كنند. دين‌مردان براي شناخت راهنماي پنهاني به‌وسيله مراقبه سوي‌يابي مي‌نمايند. در اين سوي‌يابي راهنماي مخفي رمزوارانه نمايان مي‌شود و بنابر پيوند نزديك انسان با روح قدسي زمينه‌هاي آخرت‌شناسي را فراهم مي‌گرداند. در اين مقال بر آن هستيم كه يك شناخت كلي از اين راهنماي پنهاني ارايه دهيم.

The rich current of mysticism has its roots in several sources that have influenced it. One of these sources is the ancient religions, particularly Zoroastrianism. There are many commonalities between mysticism and Zoroastrianism. One of these commonalities is the “hidden guide of the truth seekers”. Attempts have been made in the present paper to study these commonalities by elaborating the statements and life of followers of the ancient religion, particularly two renowned representatives of the Khorasan Mystic School, one of whom lived in the east and another in the west of the territory. Any follower of a religion has two kinds of guides. The first ones are the human guides who are called precept or mentor (pir) in mystical books who are have a horizontal dimension with the followers. The second group are the hidden guides who guide the followers in vertical dimension from top to bottom. In order to acquire gnosis of the hidden guide, the followers try to find the direction through contemplation and meditation. In this regard, the hidden guide appears in a mystical manner under different names such as light, perfect angel, inner essence, divine couple, divine knowledge, intuition, Mohammadan light, divine inspiration and counterpart, and guide, and due to closeness of human being with the divine spirit, the grounds are prepared for eschatology. Attempts have been made in the present paper to explain the hidden guide.