بررسي ميزان فعاليت جسماني و عوامل مرتبط بر انجام آن در مادران شيرده

Assessment of physical activity and related factores in breast feeding mothers

به منظور بررسي ميزان فعاليت جسماني و عوامل موثر بر انجام آن در مادران شيرده، مطالعه اي مقطعي در مراكز بهداشتي درماني شهر تهران، اجرا گرديد. 200 مادر شيرده مراجعه كننده به 5 مركز بطور تصادفي انتخاب شدند و از طريق پرسشنامه محقق ساخته پس از بررسي روايي و پايايي، آگاهي و نگرش و عوامل موثر بر انجام ورزش در آنان بررسي گرديد. براي تعيين ميزان فعاليت جسماني از پرسشنامه جامع فعاليت فيزيكي سازمان بهداشت جهاني استفاده شد. اين ابزار، ميزان فعاليت جسماني را در سه حيطه كار، ورزش و اوقات فراغت و از جايي به جايي رفتن، ارزيابي مي كند. يافته هاي اين پژوهش نشان داد، 74/5 درصد از مادران آگاهي خوب و 80/5 درصد نگرش مثبت نسبت به انجام ورزش داشتند و 14درصد از آنان نوعي فعاليت ورزشي انجام مي دادند. ميانگين فعاليت جسماني مادران شيرده مورد مطالعه در حيطه كار 38 دقيقه، از جايي به جايي رفتن با استفاده از دوچرخه يا قدم زدن 15 دقيقه و انجام فعاليت ورزشي فقط 5 دقيقه در روز بود. از مهمترين علل ورزش نكردن به ترتيب، نداشتن وقت كافي، داشتن فرزند خردسال، عدم اهميت به ورزش و كمبود فضاي ورزشي براي زنان بيان شده است. هر چند كه اكثريت مادران شيرده مورد بررسي داراي آگاهي خوب و نگرش مثبت نسبت به فوايد انجام ورزش در دوران شيردهي بودند ولي ميزان انجام ورزش در آنان بسيار كم بود. با توجه به فوايد جسمي و رواني شناخته شده ورزش در ارتقاي سطح سلامت مادران شيرده توصيه مي گردد، برنامه هاي ورزشي كوتاه مدت در مراكز بهداشتي درماني در مراقبت هاي پس از زايمان براي مادران شيرده طراحي و اجرا گردد.

Objective(s): To study the knowledge, attitude and practice in breast feeding mothers in the field of physical activities and related factors on exercises. Methods: Tow hundred breast feeding mothers referring health and treatment centers of Tehran have been random selected from five centers through the questionnaire and their knowledge, attitude and related factors on exercise were studied. Regarding practice, Global physical activity questionnaire from World Health organization was used evaluating the three fields of work, exercise, leisure time, going from one place to another, level of physical activity. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistical software after being collected. Results: According to the data from this research, 74.5% of mothers were highly aware while 80.5% had positive attitude toward exercising during lactation. In term of physical exercise only 14% were performing some type of sport activity. Regarding physical activity, 58% of the subjects had average physical activity among the total activities in all three fields. As well the study showed that the average physical activity among lactating mothers in the field of work was 38 min per day, going from one place to another using bicycle or walking for 15 min per day and 5 min per day of exercise in the field of sport activities. Among the most important factors of having no sport activity the reasons were having no enough time, having small children, giving no importance to sport activities and lack of exercise space for women respectively. Conclusion: However most of breast feeding mothers in this study had high knowledge and positive attitude toward the benefits of exercises during lactation, their activity level was so limited. So it is recommended that health employees, especially those in health and treatment centers should encourage mothers to perform and follow both health behaviors, namely exercise and breast feeding and arrange short term exercise plans for lactating mothers in post labor and lactation care services. Further researches on the effects of health training models on exercises in lactating mothers seem to be necessary.