پديد آورندگان :
حسيني ، محمود 1313 نويسنده فني و مهندسي hosseini, mahmoud , سربندي فراهاني، محمد نويسنده كارشناسي ارشد مهندسي زلزله، پژوهشگاه بين المللي زلزله شناسي و مهندسي زلزله Sarbandi Farahani, M
كليدواژه :
آسيب پذيري , Large cities , Lifelines , Urban areas , water supply system , برنامه تعميرات پس از زلزله , شبكه هاي آبرساني , شريانهاي حياتي , earthquakes
چكيده لاتين :
Abstract
Water supply system is one of the important lifelines in urban areas and its vulnerability has been proved in past earthquakes. These networks, due to their wideness of service area, and being located in various ground conditions, are subjected to several damages in the case of occurrence of major earthquakes. In addition to the direct damages of these networks, the lack of water for emergency usage like fire fighting and sanitary is an adverse consequence. These shortages lead, sometimes, in migration of affected people to other neighboring areas, which cause long lasting (months and even years) difficulties for them-selves and other people. Therefore, restoration of water systems is of great importance and any shortcoming in this regard results in dissatisfac-tion of the affected people. One of the main acts for restoration is rapid repair, and this is in turn dependent on having at hand a detailed program and action plan, without which the repair works will face delays. In this paper, by using the experiences gained from past earthquakes in Iran and worldwide, a suggested plan for undertaking the required actions for restoration of the water supply system in large cities has been discussed. At first different hazards which threat the water supply systems in earthquake prone areas, including strong ground shaking, surface faulting, landslide and lateral spread, large differential settlement, and liquefaction, have been briefly explained. Then, the performance of water systems subjected to earthquake excitations, and the causes of damages, based on the observations of the past seismic events, as well as various methods for seismic evaluation of water systems have been discussed. In the next stage, evaluation procedures, and damage indices and ratios, as well as the vulnerability models, which are used for seismic vulnerability evaluation of water supply systems, such as HAZUS model, have been explained. After that, the water supply system of Qum city, in central part of Iran, has been considered to be evaluated as a case study, and its specifications have been presented by using a GIS environment. Finally, based on the predicted condition of the city of Qum in the aftermath of a probable earthquake in this city, a detailed repair program has been suggested, in which all required phases from inspection of the network to repair the damaged parts of the system have been taken into consideration. Issues which are dealt with in this part of the paper include: a) the criteria and prerequisites for formation of the repair teams and their structures and duties, b) repair prioritization schemes for task allocation, c) establishment of repair bases in different parts of the city, d) estimation of the materials and machineries required for undertaking the repair works, and finally e) the interaction between various teams. It can be claimed that preparing repair programs based on the criteria and the procedure, given and discussed in the paper, is a crucial need for achieving a successful emergency management process in large and populated cities located in earthquake prone areas.
