نقد تحريم نفت ايران از طرف اتحاديه اروپا از منظر حقوق بين الملل

Legality of European Union oil sanction against Iran from the aspect of International law

شوراي اتحاديه اروپا در 23 ژانويه 2012، در راستاي تشديد تحريمهاي اقتصادي عليه جمهوري اسلامي ايران، تصميم گرفت تحريمهاي اقتصادي بيشتري در بخش انرژي از جمله تحريم واردات نفت خام از ايران در كشورهاي عضو اتحاديه، در بخش مالي عليه بانك مركزي ايران و هم چنين عليه اشخاص حقيقي و حقوقي وضع كند. در اين ميان تحريم واردات نفت خام از اهميت بيشتري برخوردار است كه لازم است، در كنار مباحث و مناقشات سياسي و اقتصادي جاري پيرامون اين تحريم نفتي، مشروعيت آن از منظر حقوق بين الملل نيز مورد بررسي قرار گيرد. آيا تحريم نفت اتحاديه اروپا، در راستاي تحريمهاي شوراي امنيت عليه ايران مي باشد؟ كشورها و سازمانهاي بين المللي تا چه حد در تفسير و اجراي قطعنامه هاي شوراي امنيت صلاحيت دارند؟ هدف از اين پژوهش اين است كه اقدام اتحاديه اروپا در خصوص تحريم نفت ايران و مشروعيت آن، از طريق تفسير قطعنامه هاي شوراي امنيت، اصول منشور ملل متحد و نيز مقررات اتحاديه اروپا مورد تحليل و بررسي قرار گيرد.

The European Union council in 23 January of 2012 ,in direction to aggravate economic sanctions against Islamic Republic of Iran, decided to enact further economic restrictions against this country in energy section such as importing oil from Iran to the state members of European Union ,in financial section against central bank of Iran, in transportation section and also against individuals and legal entities .In the center of these sanctions oil embargo has more importance than the other sanctions that is necessary to consider its legality in international law point of view beside the political and economic arguments and disputes .The question is that how much the countries and international organizations have the capacity in interpreting and implementing Security Council sanctions? Does European Union have right to adopt sanction higher than Security Council sanctions? What is the response of international law toward EU sanction against Iran? The purpose of this study is to consider and analyze the European Union measure and its legality in international rules and also by the modality of interpreting Security Council resolutions and other general and special rules of international law.