نوسازي بافتهاي فرسوده و ضرورت تغيير نگرش در تهيه و اجراي طرحهاي جامع و تفصيلي (نمونه موردي : شهر اصفهان)

Renovation of deteriorated areas and the necessity of reorientation in preparation and execution of master and detailed plans A Case study: the master and detailed plan of Isfahan City

امروزه رويكرد جهاني به طرحهاي توسعه شهري، رويكرد مسلهمحور برايحل مسايل شهري است وبدون شك بافتهاي فرسوده شهر اصفهان يكي ازمسايل اساسي ومهم اين شهر است وشناخت وتحليل اين مسيله و ارايه راهكار در اين زمينه، اصولاً از نتايج مورد انتظار طرحهاي توسعه شهري است. در اين مقاله ابتدا با روش كتابخانهاي مختصري به بررسي طرحهاي توسعه شهري در ايران و مقايسه آن با طرحهاي توسعه شهري كشورهاي توسعهيافته پرداخته شده، سپس از طريق مطالعه مدارك، اسناد و نقشههاي طرح تجديدنظر در طرح جامع (مصوب سال 1367)، و طرح تفصيلي شهر اصفهان (مصوب سال 1375) و طرح بازنگري در طرح تفصيلي شهر اصفهان (1390) با روش مقايسهاي، ميزان تحققپذيري طرح تفصيلي شهر اصفهان مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. در ادامه با بررسي ميزان پروانههاي ساختماني صادرشده توسط شهرداري اصفهان در محدوده بافتهاي فرسوده اين شهر در سالهاي 1386 تا 9ماهه سال 1390، ميزان نوسازي بافتهاي فرسوده در اين مدت تعيين شده است. سرانجام ازطريق تحليل آمار بهدست آمده و با بررسي شرح خدمات انجام مطالعات وتهيه طرح بازنگري درطرح تفصيلي شهراصفهان، مشخص ميشود كهطرحهاي جامع و به تبع آن طرحهاي تفصيلي شهر اصفهان، در زمينه نوسازي بافتهاي فرسوده اين شهر ناكارآمد بوده و صرفاً درحد معرفي پهنههاي نيازمند طرحهاي ويژه نوسازي و بهسازي و تثبيت وضع موجود اقدام كرده است. در خاتمه بر چهار موضوع شامل "ظرفيتسازي وسرمايه اجتماعي"،"مفهوم فرآيند در تهيه و اجراي طرحهاي توسعه شهري"، "مديران شهري و تحققپذيري طرحهاي توسعه شهري" و"انجام مطالعات و تهيه طرحهاي ويژه نوسازي" جهت برونرفت از وضعيت فعلي و در راستاي تحققپذيري طرحهاي توسعه شهري و نوسازي بافتهاي فرسوده تاكيد شده است.

It is almost four decades from preparing and executing developmental urban plans (master and detailed), but there has been no real practical success in urban development. Lack of social justice, extension of deteriorated areas and urban bipolarities are the results of this underdevelopment. In this regard, scientific identification of the deterioration phenomenon and specification of its place in urban development plans is of great significance. In case deterioration continues on, these areas will definitely be destroyed and a crisis may rise. It has been a long time since partial viewing has caused confrontations between different organizations, and as a result deterioration has accelerated and expanded. Nowadays, the global approach towards urban development plans is a problem-oriented approach with the purpose of resolving urban difficulties. Undoubtedly, the deteriorated areas of the city of Isfahan is one of the most important problems of this city, and identification and analysis of the problems and finding appropriate solutions are the expectable results of urban development planning. As a result of the delay in renovation of deteriorated areas, analyzing the efficiency of urban development plans (master and detailed) in renovating these areas is quite significant from the pathological aspect. Because of the significance of urban development and renovation of deteriorated areas in the metropolitan historical city of Esfahan, analysis of verification of urban development plans and their effects in renovating old constructions of this city was selected as the case study. First, a comparison is made between the urban development plans in Iran and those of other cities of the world by means of the library method. Then, by studying the documents and the detailed plan (ratified in 1996) and the reviewing plan of the city of Isfahan (ratified in 2011 but not notified yet) a comparison is made between the proposed per capita services of the detailed plan and the present situation of the reviewing plan, and the rate of verification for the detailed plan of Isfahan is analyzed. Then, the rates of restoring and renovating deteriorated areas are determined by studying certificates issued by the Isfahan municipality between 2007 and 2011. This period was selected for study because bank facilities were given to applicants for renovating the deteriorated areas of the city. Finally, by means of analyzing the obtained results and considering the service descriptions for the studies and preparing the reviewing plan in the detailed plan of Isfahan, it is suggested that the master plan and consequently the detailed plan of Isfahan have been unsuccessful regarding the proposed per capita services. Moreover, the plans have not been efficient in renovation of the deteriorated areas of this city. They have been useful only for identification of these and at stabilization of the existing situation at maximum. In conclusion, four subjects have been introduced as possible solutions for improving the current situation and for verifying urban development plans and renovation of deteriorated areas. These subjects are: “providing capacities and social capital”, “the notion of process in preparation and execution of urban development plans”, “urban mangers and verification of urban development plans” and “performing studies and preparing specific plans for renovations”