تاثير كالبد فضاهاي عمومي بر احساس امنيت اجتماعي زنان

The impact of Public Spaces Form on Women Social Security Sense

امنيت از مهم ترين توقعات براي زندگي مطلوب در شهرهاست. جنسيت مهم ترين عامل شخصيتي در درك امنيت محسوب مي شود. احساس امنيت اجتماعي از مولفه هاي سرزندگي فضاهاي عمومي محسوب مي شود، فقدان احساس امنيت زنان در فضاهاي باز عمومي شهرها بالاخص محلات مسكوني منجر به كاهش سرزندگي در اين مكان ها مي شود. در اين پژوهش با سنجش احساس امنيت زنان در دو نمونه موردي، فضاهايي كه زنان ساكن در محله نارمك و شهرك اكباتان به ترتيب بيشترين و كمترين احساس امنيت را از حضور در آنها داشتند انتخاب شده و براساس معيارهاي كالبدي منتخب از بررسي هاي نظري شامل اندازه فضا، فرم فضا، آسايش بصري و آسايش محيطي مورد تحليل قرار گرفته اند. يافته هاي پژوهش نشان مي دهد كه ويژگي هاي كالبدي در قالب اين معيارها؛ در محله نارمك از عوامل بسيار موثر در بالا بودن احساس امنيت در فضاهاي اين محله است و در مقابل اين ويژگي ها در شهرك اكباتان زمينه احساس ناامني در فضاهاي جمعي را مهيا نموده است. از طرف ديگر تفاوت الگوهاي اين دو مجموعه به سبب ايجاد ويژگي هاي كالبدي متفاوت تا حدودي بر تفاوت احساس امنيت در فضاهاي آنها موثر بوده است ولي نمي توان ادعا كرد كه بلند مرتبه بودن يك مجموعه مسكوني دليل بر كاهش احساس امنيت در فضاهاي آن مجموعه است، بلكه به نظرمي رسد بلندمرتبه بودن، پتانسيل هايي براي كاهش احساس امنيت در مجموعه هاي مسكوني فراهم مي آورد.

One of the most important sectors of each city where the citizens social interaction occur and urban life flow carry, are public spaces. One conditions for people presence in these spaces is securing their social security sense. Nowadays different factors such as cultural, social, economic and physical in cities public spaces, especially in big cities like Tehran, have cause abnormal social behaviors which are the most important consequences of these factor is the decrease in social security sense in public spaces. Physical abnormalities are such effective factor on reducing security sense of public spaces users. Gender has a considerable influence on the sense of social security sense and women are much more vulnerable than men. It is obvious the space which cannot absorb both gender and is evaluated as unsafe cannot be a warm, lively and vibrant space. In this research Narmak neighborhood and Ekbatan town which have respectively provided appropriate and inappropriate social security for the inhabitants, have been chosen as the case study of this research to study and analyze the rate of physical characteristics of public spaces impact on social safe sense in these two complexes and their impressibility of conventional and high rise residential patterns. In order to achieve this goal, after measurement of women security sense in the specified samples, spaces where women have the most security sense of presence in Narmak neighborhood and have the least sense security in Ekbatan town are chosen and analyzed based on selected physical criteria of theoretical reviews which consists of space size, space form, visual comfort and environmental comfort. All said criteria review and analysis in public spaces of case studies. In this paper has shunned presenting all findings of physical indices review in all components of public spaces and has limited to study important and effective criteria. Findings of survey in public spaces of Narmak and Ekbatan show that the most different at perception of women security sense in cases study is result of these two criteria, size and form of space and visual and environmental comfort. Research’s findings show that physical features according to the listed criteria are the effective factors in the increase of security sense in spaces of Narmak neighborhood. In contrary, these physical features reviewed in spaces of Ekbatan town as well, make the ground for insecurity sense. In other hand, different patterns of these two complexes which have caused variant physical features are partly being efficacious to feel different social security sense. However we cannot claim that security sense decrease in spaces of that residential complex is a result of being high rise, but it seems that being high rise, and provides potential for reducing security sense in residential complexes. Physical design of these complexes play important role in increasing the security sense of complexes residents. So that physical features which affect reducing crime-prone circumstances and increasing the security sense of residents should be concerned as a more highlighted and key role in the high- rise residential complexes than the conventional ones.