مروري بر جشن نور ليون

Lyon’s Festival of Lights

برگزاري رويدادهايي در مقياس‌هاي مختلف اجتماعي، فرهنگي و مذهبي بصورت سالانه يا به مناسبت‌هاي مختلف همچون اعياد ملي، بزرگداشت و يادبودها با تجمعات متمركز يا پراكنده در سطح شهرها يكي از عوامل پويايي و سرزندگي فضاهاي شهري است كه تاثيرات كالبدي و اجتماعي قابل توجهي بر فضاهاي شهري مي‌گذارد. از جمله اين رويدادها جشن‌هايي با موضوعيت نور و روشنايي است كه به صورت سالانه و خود جوش يا تحت نظارت مديريت شهري در چندين نقطه جغرافيايي جهان برگزار مي‌شود. شهر ليون كه يكي از چند شهر اول فرانسه شناخته مي‌شود، امروزه با ميزباني بين‌المللي جشن نور (Fête des lumières) و با عنوان پايتخت نور به استقبال پروژه‌هاي هنري و نوآور در زمينه نورپردازي مي‌رود. در چهار روز آخرين ماه سال ميلادي، نور به عنوان يكي از اجزاي اصلي فضاي شهري، در شب، زماني كه طراحي هنرمندانه نور و روشنايي مي‌تواند ارزش معماري و يادماني بناها و مبلمان شهري را دوچندان كند، ايفاي نقش مي‌كند. اين نوشته، با نگاهي به جشن‌هاي نور در جهان و سابقه تاريخي آنها، بر جشن نور ليون، مديريت شهري و سياست‌هاي طراحي آن جهت تقويت حضور شهروندان در فضاهاي شهري متمركز مي‌شود. واژگان كليدي : جشن نور، تعامل اجتماعي، فضاي شهري، مديريت شهري ليون.

One of the factors of vitality in urban spaces is the national and memorial events that occur frequently or yearly in public spaces around the world. This phenomenon has an impact on the form and type of people interaction with urban spaces which are not merely physical or formal. The example of annual festivals with a particular concept like light, can be considered in this discussion. With a glance at some lights festivals in the world: Diwali (India), Saint-lucie (Scandinavia), Festival of lights (Europe), fire festivals (Iran), this article is focused on Lyon’s Festival of lights (Fete des Lumières) and urban management strategies to improve the quality of citizens participation. The city of Lyon that is named today the capital of light, hosts yearly the creative and artistic lighting projects to continue a traditional event which dares backs to 1852. In four days of December, this celebration of light unveils the architectural elements of the city, through the illuminating of monuments, streets, hills and river banks. The municipality of Lyon’s participation in this event began in 1989 in such way that the Festival of Lights has now evolved into a major tourist attraction. The article approach is interested particularly in how the urban management strategies have developed the festival from a local scale to an international event. For example the festival organizer, yearly invites the different cultures to present their traditional ceremonies, or beside the professional projects, hosts the amatory projects and allows students from schools of art, architecture, design and engineers to practice their ideas and creativities. From the social view, this event could activate local communities and build a common sense of affiliation to restore local customs and traditions. It also offers the habitats sensory experiences which differ from everyday routine. Traditionally the Lyon’s habitats still illuminate little lights (“des lumignons”) on their windowsills and balconies. The light is still a symbol of hope and youth in dark nights of winter, but is no longer just for security and illumination, it has become more and more an essential component of the urban landscape, one that reveals the city’s texture without denaturing them and gathers the people interactively in urban space. Though, there are some critical points about augmentation of commercial aspects to tourist attraction, insufficient ways to economize the energy consummation, forgetting its origin, it seems that this festival inspired from a traditional event and supported by the municipality, have improved the people relation with urban spaces where light can act as an urban image device and a unifying element in city.