دو رويكرد متفاوت در خلق منظر شبانه

The two different approaches in creating nightscape

توجه گروه طراحي West8 به منظر و زندگي شبانه از ويژگي‌هاي متمايزكننده پروژه‌هاي اين شركت در ميان پروژه‌هاي ساير شركت‌‌هاي معماري منظر به شمار مي‌رود. در اين ميان وجه تمايز، طراحي ويژه جزييات و تجهيزات نورپردازي در مقياس ميانه و خرد منظر است. اتخاذ دو رويكرد متفاوت هويتي و عملكردي در آن دو طيف مختلف تجهيزات نورپردازي را در مجموعه پروژه‌هاي اين شركت شكل داده است. نخستين گروه از پروژه‌ها براساس زمينه‌گرايي و استفاده از نماد و نشانه‌ها با موضوعي ويژه‌ در بستري خاص طراحي شده ‌است؛ اين گونه مناظر كه با نام «طبيعت دوم» شناخته مي‌شوند با طرح نورپردازي منظرين در پايين‌ترين حالت، به عنوان يك نماد هويت‌بخش در كنار ديگر مولفه‌هاي كمي در ساخت منظر مشاركت دارد و در بالاترين حالت به عنوان تنها عنصر هويت‌بخش و بدون حضور ديگر مولفه‌هاي كمي، در جايگاه ايده اصلي طرح استفاده شده است. بخش ديگري از پروژه‌ها، طراحي موضوعي جزييات نورپردازي با هدف توليد و استفاده انبوه در مكان‌هاي مختلف است. در اين پروژه‌ها رويكرد عملكردي در درجه اول اهميت و به ترتيب دو رويكرد زيبايي‌شناسي و هويتي در درجات بعدي قرار گرفته و تعلق طرح به مكان مورد نظر مطرح نيست. اين نوشتار با تحليل رويكردهاي گروه طراحي West8در زمينه طراحي نورپردازي در دو مقياس ميانه و خرد، به تحليل نحوه تاثير رويكرد منظرين اين گروه در طراحي ابزارهاي نورپردازي شهري مي‌پردازد.

West design team has done numerous successful projects in night landscape, in which, design at the macro to the micro scales, made the group successful as an international leader in landscape architecture. Large number of west8 projects is to design lighting details in small-scale landscape. Adopting two different approaches: identity and function has led to the creation of two different spectra. The team with its successful designs at lighting and nightscape indicates that contextual and identity approaches can play the most important role in advancing the goals. These so-called "second nature" landscapes are considered to have special lighting from the perspective of its location. According to the project, a specific component of site substrate is selected as a symbol which is familiar to the audience, and will be as a special lamp or lighting. At the lowest mode, it is involved in landscape as an identity symbol with other elements. Finally at the highest mode is the original idea and the only identity symbol without any other elements. In this view, the various elements of the site, including history, body, people and their culture, as the substrate of the project, create the identity of the space. It is only due to the field of landscape architecture that they can be understood at all levels including lighting. Another part of the projects are detailed design in lighting for mass production and use in different locations. In these projects functional approach is the most important, and the two aesthetics and identity approaches come after, but these are not parts of the site substrate. So, constructing simple forms with high flexibility, high efficiency are always considered with stable and consistent use of materials such as aluminum, which offers free design. These designs, with technologic and formic sight cannot play a great role in maintaining the identity of a landscape and seems to have fixed designs, in contrast with specific identity of every landscape, which must be modified with other elements of environment, not to contribute to the integrity and identity. This paper discusses the effectiveness of West 8 landscape approaches in the Urban Lighting Tools design by analyzing West 8 approaches in two scales (mid-scale and micro-scale) of lighting design.