مادّه و قوه اخروي در چشم‌انداز ملاصدرا

The Other-Worldly Matter and Faculty from the Perspective of Molla-Sadra

از نظر فلسفي عوالم اخروي خالي از هرگونه ماده و قوه انفعالي است. لكن ملاصدرا از هيولي و قوه اخروي سخن به ميان مي‌آورد. اين مقاله به‌دنبال يافتن منظور ملاصدرا از چنين عباراتي در مورد عوالم اخروي است. به اين منظور، كلمات وي در اين زمينه مورد بررسي قرار گرفته و معلوم شده است كه از نظر او ماده بعيد اخروي نفس انساني و مواد قريب آن، قوه خيال و ملكات حسنه يا سييه انساني است كه با نفس متحدند. البته اين ماده ذاتاً با هيولاي دنيوي متفاوت است. اما جاي اين پرسش هست كه چرا ملاصدرا از نفس يا قوه خيال تعبير به ماده اخروي كرده است؟ پاسخ ملاصدرا به اين پرسش چشم‌انداز كلي او را به عالم قيامت و نظام آن روشن مي‌سازد. همچنين دانسته شد كه منظور وي از قوه در آخرت، به معناي قدرت و توان وجودي است كه نه تنها انفعال نيست، بلكه با هيچ استعدادي هم قرين نمي‌باشد.

The other-worldly universe does not have any passive faculty and matter from the perspective of philosophy; but Molla-Sadra speaks of the other-worldly faculty and matter. This article will try to discover the meaning of these words of Molla-Sadra regarding the other world. Thus his words in this regard are investigated and it is clarified that the remote matter of the other world is humanʹs soul and its proximate matters are humanʹs faculty of imagination and his good or bad habits which are united with the soul. Indeed this matter is essentially different from the worldly matter. But this question arises: why does Molla-Sadra call the soul or the faculty of imagination as ʹthe other-worldly facultyʹ? Molla-Sadraʹs answer to this question clarifies his general outlook to the other world and its system. It is also explained that the meaning of faculty in the other-world, in his words, is existential power and ability which not only is not passive, rather it is not accompanied with any potentiality as well.