پايه هاي فطري اخلاق در نظريه علامه طباطبايي(ره) و اصول تربيتي مبتني بر آن

The Innate Basis of Ethics in the Viewpoint of Allameh Tabatabaee And the Consequent Educational Principles

در اين پژوهش، مباني فلسفي ـ ديني تربيت اخلاقي با تمركز بر تبيين رابطه ميان فطرت، اخلاق و دين با روش توصيفي تحليلي از آراي علامه طباطبايي استخراج، و مشخص شد كه فطرت نقطه كانوني و زيربناي ساختمان اخلاق است در عين حال، لايه هايي دارد كه تنها در موقعيتهايي مناسب و در پرتو هدايت تشريعي شكوفا مي شود. در بخش دوم پژوهش با شيوه اي كه از ديدگاه خود علامه به دست آمده بود بر مبناي يافته هاي بحث نظري و متناسب با غايات تربيت اخلاقي، اصولي براي تربيت اخلاقي تعيين شد كه ضرورت پاكي نسل، آغاز زود هنگام تربيت، اصلاح وضعيت محيطي، تقويت خود شناسي، غفلت زدايي و شناخت مصداق واقعي كمال، مبارزه با دنيا گرايي و رفاه زدگي و نيز ضرورت تقويت نور فطري از طريق اطاعت از دستورهاي اخلاقي ديني و مداومت بر اعمال اخلاقي را نشان داد.

Innateness is a fundamental concept in anthropology, which deeply affects ethics and, consequently, ethical training. Explanation of the relationship between innateness and ethics both determine the general approach of ethical training, and play an important role in designing the principles and processes for achieving educational objectives. In this piece of research, the philosophical-religious principles of ethical training concentrating on the explanation of the relationship between innateness, ethics and religion, were derived from the views of Allameh Tabatabaee by a descriptive-analytical research method. The results indicated that innateness makes up the central point and infrastructure of ethics. Yet, it contains layers which can be nourished by Devine guide. In the second part of the research, using the techniques provided by Allameh himself, some principle are presented for ethical training according to theoretical findings and relevant to the final goals. These principles include purity of generations, early commencement of training, modification of the environment, promoting self-knowledge, avoiding negligence, knowledge of real perfection, avoiding worldliness and the necessity of promoting the innate light by obeying the ethical religious creeds, as well as constant care on oneʹs ethical behavior.