سلامت معنوي از ديدگاه «رنه دكارت» و «علامه طباطبايي»

Spiritual Health in Rene Descartesʹʹ and Allameh Tabatabaeiʹʹs Views

در اين مقاله به بررسي تطبيقيِ موضوع سلامت معنوي به عنوان يكي از مهم ترين اركان سلامت كه اخيراً در سازمان جهاني بهداشت به مولفه‌هاي قبلي سلامت، يعني جسمي، رواني و اجتماعي اضافه شده است، از ديدگاه دكارت به عنوان موسس فلسفه جديد غرب، و علامه طباطبايي به عنوان نماينده فلسفه و فرهنگِ اسلامي، مي پردازيم. نزد دكارت، سلامت معنوي به لحاظ نگرش اومانيستي او، جنبه انتزاعي دارد و صرفاً به ساحت آگاهي و بينش عقلاني انسان برمي‌گردد و مبين تفسير طبيعي (مادي) از انسان است و به ساحت فرابشري او توجه چنداني ندارد. اما نزد علامه كه فيلسوفي الهي است، سلامت معنوي، مبتني بر ساحت مابعدالطبيعي و معناخواهي انسان است؛ يعني بر پذيرش اصلِ حقيقت مطلق (خدا) به عنوان معناي زندگي كه ضمن اصلاح بينش و نگرش انسان، به ساحت گرايشي و رفتاري او هم‌ جهت مي‌دهد.

A comparative discussion on "Spiritual Health", as one of the most imperative health fundamentals has been initiated. This concept has recently been added to the previous health constituents including physical, psychological and social aspects by the World Health Organization. This paper considers views adopted by two philosophers and thinkers, Rene Descartes, known as the father of modern philosophy, culture and humanism and Allameh Tabatabaei, regarded as the representative of Islamic culture and philosophy in recent time. Due to his humanistic perspective, Descartes holds that spiritual health is of an abstract nature and is solely connected with humanʹs conscience and intellectual insight and is also indicative of a naturalistic (materialistic) interpretation of humans, but it is not concerned with humansʹ desires, behavior and super-humanistic realm. But, in Allameh Tabatabaeiʹs opinion, who is a divine philosopher, spiritual health depends on humansʹ super-naturalistic realm and meaning seeking nature, i.e. the acceptance of absolute reality principle (God) as the meaning of life that aside from correcting humansʹ insight and outlook, assigns direction to his behavior and attitude.