كليدواژه :
تحولات ژيوپليتيكي , حوزه عربي- اسلامي , خاورميانه , رويكردهاي سياسيي , شمال آفريقا , علايق ژيوپليتيكي
چكيده فارسي :
بدون شك توازن و ساختار قدرت در حوزه عربي- اسلامي خاورميانه و شمال آفريقا به‌نحوي است كه هرگونه تغيير و تحول ساختاري در آن ضمن تاثيرات گسترده درون حوزه‌اي سبب لرزشهاي ژيوپليتيكي نويني در سطوح مختلف بين‌المللي مي‌گردد. با اوجگيري تدريجي قيامهاي مردمي در اين حوزه و سقوط زود هنگام برخي از حاكميتهاي ديكتاتوري، ضمن متزلزل شدن كرسيهاي قدرت در ساير دول عربي و استمرار و گسترش تغيير و تحولات در خاورميانه و شمال آفريقا كه سبب تضعيف شديد جايگاه و عمق استراتژيك اسراييل (رژيم اشغالگر قدس) گرديده است، شرايط كنوني حاكي از اضطراب و دگرگونيهاي گسترده در نگرشهاي استراتژيكي قدرتهاي ذي‌نفوذ نسبت به روند و چشم‌انداز تحولات مذكور است كه عمدتاً مشتمل بر دو موضوع بيداري اسلامي با همراهي موجي از مطالبات جوانان عرب و نيز دگرگوني در سازندهاي ژيوپليتيكي نظام منطقه‌اي مي‌باشد. بويژه آنكه پيش‌بيني نوعي از بازساخت اجتماعي دگرگون يافته و يك نوزايي اجتماعي مبتني بر ملي‌گرايي نوين با حضور موثرتر مردم در عرصه‌هاي گوناگون اين جوامع نيز دور از انتظار نمي‌باشد. اما با توجه به اينكه در اين كشورها خيزشهاي مردمي با مشاركت عملي طيف‌ها و سطوح مختلف داخلي و خارجي صورت گرفته است، اين موضوع قابل تامل است كه مطالبات عمومي نيز در اين شرايط جديد بسيار متنوع و متعدد بوده و چشم‌انداز الگوي سياسي- حاكميتي قابل تصور در اين كشورها نيز با تاكيد بر نگرشهاي معتدل اسلامي، عملاً مي‌تواند تلفيقي از مباني اسلامي و ارزشي همراه با فضاي باز سياسي و اجتماعي مورد مطالبه نسلهاي جوان باشد. روند و نتايج انتخابات گوناگون بخصوص در دو كشورتونس و مصرهم حكايتي از توجه نسبي مردم به كاركرد علايق اسلامي در سير حاكميتهاي نوين دارد. با اين حال براي اين حوزه پيش‌بيني هر گونه تغييراساسي و كوتاه‌مدت در جهت تحول در وضعيت فوق‌الذكر، بسيار دشوار است. زيرا قدرتهاي غربي در بازبيني‌هاي استراتژيكي از حضور موثرتر منطقه‌اي خود، با تلاش مستمر براي ممانعت از هر گونه حركت اين كشورها به سمت انسجام ملي، عملاً به‌دنبال حفظ ساختارهاي متعارض اجتماعي در اين جوامع و نيز تداوم اختلافات قومي و مذهبي در جهتگيري‌هاي نوين تحولات حوزه عربي اسلامي خاورميانه و شمال آفريقا مي‌باشند. موضوعات مورد اشاره در بالا خشي از مسايل مورد بحث در اين مقاله است كه با هدف كنكاش در علل و نتايج تحولات حوزه عربي- اسلامي خاورميانه و شمال آفريقا با رويكردي استراتژيكي و بر محور مباني ژيوپليتيكي موردتحليل و بررسي قرار گرفته است.
چكيده لاتين :
Extended Abstract
Introduction
The balance and structure of power in Arabic-Islamic domain of the Middle East and North Africa is in a way that any kind of change or evolution causes new geopolitical changes at different international levels along with international changes. With culminating protests and falling dictatorships in this domain, along with destabilized powers and prolongation of changes in the Middle East and North Africa which resulted in the attenuation of strategic position of Israel, current situations are clear manifestations of extensive changes in strategic attitudes of powers toward mentioned approaches which consists mostly of two major subjects , namely Islamic awareness along with youth claims and uprisings in the developers of geopolitics of regional government. Especially, predicting a kind of deconstructed social reconstruction and social construction based on modern nationalism with the important attendance of people in different arenas is not far from expectation, but considering the uprisings at internal and external levels, one can think of these claims as diverse and different and Islamic-governance prospects with emphasis on mild Islamic attitudes can be thought combination of Islamic fundamentals and a value along with a free political and social arena which is claimed by the young. The process and result of election in two countries, namely Tunisia and Egypt, has the account of the partial attention of people toward the function of Islamic interests in the evolution of new governments. However, predicting any kind of fundamental and short-term change in the direction of transformation in the above mentioned situation is difficult because western powers, in their strategic evaluation of their effective regional attendance with continued effort for preventing attempts in deconstructing their national cohesion by others, are seeking for the maintenance of conflicting social structures in societies, and they try to maintain religious conflicts in the modern Islamic-Arabic change preferences of the Middle East and south Africa. The above mentioned issues are some of the parts of the content of this article which are analyzed with the aim of investigating the reasons and results of Islamic-Arabic evolution in the Middle East and South Africa based on strategic approach and fundamentals of geopolitics.
Methodology
The descriptive and analytical method was used in this study. The data required for the study were collected from Libraries (books, papers,) and Internet.
Dissuasion
Considering the balance of power in the broader Arabic - Islamic Middle East, North Africa, or representations of any analysis of the geopolitical landscape changes requires an understanding of the factors set Structural change which that consistently within the field of the effects of different levels vibration and international developments are of particular geopolitical, Earlier in the year 2011 with a gradual escalation of revolutions and grassroots uprisings in the broader Arabic - Arabic Muslim North Africa and the Middle East primarily the overthrow of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, ruling dictator Tunes country early was. Subsequently in a period of approximately one month Egyptian dictator Hosni Mubarak was toppled ruling and that following the fall of ruling Gaddafi regime in Libya and Yemen dictated variations, Widespread wave grassroots uprisings in other countries, especially in the regions dictators and hereditary rulers of Bahrain, Jordan, Syria and even Saudi Arabia are also has impressed. That some analysts and strategists international affairs believe, it was titled dictators falling domino recall. But the landscape suggest that the uprisings beginning of on a vast geopolitical developments in the Middle East and North Africa vibrations, The wide variation in the arena of world politics as well as regional and international relations, this field will.
Conclusion
The current situation, the Arabic - Islamic Middle East and North Africa has been in a period of transition, which is strongly associated with measures ethnic of attitudes, and if powers and regional countries cannot effectively manage the transition and the transition, Will certainly great countries and trans-regional strategies with their appropriate to changes, These areas will be managed based on religious and ethnic models.
Keywords: Political approaches, Geopolitical interests, Geopolitical evolutions, the Arabic – Islamic arena, Middle East, North Africa, Social reconstruction, Government building.
