نقش عقل در تحوّل فقه سياسي شيعه

The Role of Reason in the Development of the Political Shiite Jurisprudence; the Case of Contemporary Era

در اين نوشته تلاش مي‌كنيم تا ضمن بررسي جايگاه و حجّيّت عقل و توجه به عقل عملي در انديشه سياسي، نقش آن را در دگرگوني فقه سياسي با تاكيد بر دوره معاصر بررسي كنيم. سوال اصلي آن است كه نقش عقل در تحوّل فقه سياسي شيعه چيست؟ و پاسخ آن است كه عقل در تحوّل فقه سياسي شيعه با توجه به روش خردورزانه اجتهاد و حجّيّت عقل در عرض ديگر منابع استنباط و كاركردهاي آن در داوري نسبت به متون، گذر از ظواهر، كشف و تفسير روزآمد از نصوص، فهم برخي از مصالح و مفاسد و فهم مستقلات و استلزامات عقلي، نقشي اساسي ايفا مي‌كند. همچنين مي‌توان جلوه‌هاي تحوّل‌آفريني آن را در فقه سياسي شيعه، در مواردي مانند چگونگي تعامل با قدرت، قدرت مقيّد و مشروط، نظريه ولايت فقيه، احتكار و فروش يا عدم فروش سلاح به دشمن ردّيابي كرد.

The present study attempts to deal with the role and place of reason and to pay attention to practical reason in political thinking. It intends to deal with the role of reason in the development of political jurisprudence in the contemporary era. The main concern is to probe into reason in the development of political Shiite jurisprudence. The findings of the study display that through a reasonable and intellectual method such as Ijtehad, the importance and value of reason along with other sources and tools of inference becomes evident because it helps in the investigation of texts and finding their hidden purposes and the discovery and up-to-date interpretation of the kor?n. It also helps in understanding the righteous actions from the wrong deeds and in discovering the requirements of the independent and individual elements, Therefore, reason plays a very basic role in the development of the political Shiite jurisprudence. One might find manifestations of the role of reason in some aspects of it in the political Shiite jurisprudence if he/she pays attention to some cases like the manner of interactions with power, the curbed or controlled power, the conditional power, and the theory of the guardianship or Vel?yat of the religious scholar (faqih). Some instances like, or selling and not selling weapons to enemy also full in the same domain.