مشروعيت در حكومت اسلامي

Legitimacy in Islamic Government

مشروعيت در علوم مختلف مرتبط با سياست معاني متفاوتي دارد به‌طوري‌كه در فلسفه به معناي حقانيت و در جامعه‌شناسي به معناي مقبوليت به‌كار مي‌رود. در حكومت اسلامي مشروعيت ازلحاظ منبع و منشا به دو دسته تقسيم مي‌شود: يكي مشروعيت الهي، كه حكومت ذاتاً از آن خداوند است و ديگري مشروعيت الهي ـ مردمي، كه حاكميت بشر در طول حاكميت الهي است. حكومت نبوي، علوي و ولايت فقيه نمونه‌هايي از حاكميت الهي مبتني‌بر مشروعيت الهي است. نظام جمهوري اسلامي ايران مطابق اصول (1 و 2) قانون اساسي حكومت الهي محسوب مي‌شود؛ رمز رستگاري توحيد و اعتقاد به يگانگي خداوند كه منشا همه قدرت و حاكميت است سبب مي‌شود قانون و قانونگذاري، حكومت و حاكميت رنگ الهي به خود گيرد. امام خميني (ره) تنها فقيهي است كه علاوه‌بر تحليل و تبيين مسايل فقهي عملاً موفق به اجراي آن شد و در كتاب ولايت فقيه، استدلال‌هاي عقلاني مبتني‌بر نياز به مجري قوانين الهي و لزوم عقلاني تشكيل حكومت در عصر غيبت را ارايه كرد. بنابراين ولايت و حاكميت اگر داراي شرايط اسلامي باشد و حكومت مطابق قوانين الهي، حكومت الهي است؛ حكومت مطابق موازين اسلامي، حكومت اسلامي است و حكومت رسول خدا (ص)، ايمه معصومين (ع) و ولايت فقيه در اين زمره قرار مي‌گيرد.

There are different meanings for legitimacy term in relevant sciences to politics that it means rightfulness in philosophy and acceptability in sociology. In Islamic government, legitimacy is divided into two groups basically: theocracy means a rule by God and democracy is rule of the people or popular sovereignty which associated with Godʹs will. Prophetic and descendant of Ali governments and governance by jurisprudence are kinds of theocracy. According to principles (1&2) of the constitution, Islamic Republic of Iran is theocracy-based. The secret of salvation, monotheism and theism that is originated from all powers and sovereignty causes legislation and governance to be based on Godʹs commandments. The former supreme leader of Islamic Republic of Iran, Imam Khomeini, was only a jurisprudent that he could accomplish religious jurisprudence issues as well as he analyzed and defined them and in governance by Jurisprudence book, in this case, he argued the necessity of a religious leader and the necessity of the establishment of the governance by jurisprudence (in the absence of the 12th Imam era) as well. Therefore, if the governance is Islamic-based, it will be a rule by God and if the government is divine laws-based, it will be theocracy as well as the government is originated from Islamic laws, that is, Islamic government. Mohammad Prophet, the 12 Imams governments and governance by jurisprudence are known as Islamic government.