مطالعه انسان‌شناسانه پديده كودكان كار خياباني در شهر كرج

Anthropological Study of Street Working Children Problem in Karaj

مقاله حاضر حاصل تحقيقي انسان‌شناختي است كه با استفاده از روش‌هاي ژرفانگر، جامع‌نگر و كيفي، به بررسي نگرش‌ها، نحوه فعاليت و تعاملات كودكان كار خياباني در شهر كرج مي‌پردازد. اين تحقيق به عواملي همچون مهاجرت از جوامع توسعه‌نيافته با فرهنگ بسيار متفاوت به جوامع توسعه‌يافته‌تر و پذيرش اجتماعي كار و حتي تكدي‌گري كودكان در خيابان به‌عنوان عوامل اصلي بروز اين پديده اشاره ميكند. در اين مقاله نحوه انتخاب شغل، نگرش كودكان به كارشان، روابط با خانواده، روابط درون‌گروهي، روابط با مشتريان و روابط با ديگر افراد حاضر در محيط كار مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. كودكان كار خياباني يك شبكه رقابت، همكاري و دوستي تشكيل مي‌دهند. مشتريان، شاغلان ديگر حرفه‌ها، بزهكاران و... از افرادي هستند كه تعامل پيوسته يا ناپيوسته با كودكان دارند و تاثيرات متفاوتي بر كودكان و جامعه‌پذيري آنان دارند.

The present paper is an anthropological research about how work of children in the street and street children issue is appeared, how the activities and relations of street working children are and what institutional affairs done about these children in Karaj city. Deep think, holistic and qualitative are used as the main methods. Therefore, the investigators interviewed with more than 30 street children of Karaj city and 10 administrator and related persons to the street children. This field research in five months observed the situation of working street children. Some factors such as fast process of global modernization, migration from undeveloped communities with a totally different culture to the more developed communities and social acceptance of work or even children begging are among the most important factors in creating of street children problem. In this article, the way of choosing job, the children’s attitude against their work, relationship with parents, intra group relationships, and relationships with customers and other people at work have been assessed. The street working children create a network of competition, cooperation and friendship together. The customers, other professionals, and criminals are those who make a constant or inconstant interaction with street children and affect their socialization process differently.