بررسي شيوه هاي تدفين دوره اشكاني در گورستان وليران دماوند

A Study on the Parthian Burial Traditions at Veliran Cemetery in Damavand, Iran

دوره اشكاني به دليل دوران طولاني امپراطوري ،گستردگي وسعت زياد قلمرو حكومتي و وجود مذاهب مختلف ، شيوه‌هاي متنوعي جهت دفن اجساد وجود داشته است. تاكنون گورستانهاي متعدي از اين دوره با شيوه‌هاي متفاوت تدفين از قبيل :قبور خمره‌اي ، سردابه‌اي ، گور معبد ، تابوتي ، چاهي ، مكعب مستطيل ، گودالهاي ساده و سنگ چين در نقاط مختلف داخل و خارج ايران كشف و حفاري شده است. در بخش شمال شرق فلات مركزي ايران و بخصوص در استان تهران به دليل عدم انجام بررسي‌هاي علمي و كاوشهاي باستان شناسي ، هيچ گونه اطلاعي از وضعيت تاريخي و باستان شناسي اين بخش از فلات مركزي ايران وبخصوص شيوه‌هاي تدفين در دوره اشكاني وجود نداشت.با انجام دو فصل كاوش در محوطه وليران در شرق استان تهران گورستاني با تعدادي گور و شيوه هاي مختلف تدفين كشف و شناسايي گرديد كه با مطالعه اوليه آنها ،اطلاعات مفيد و ارزشمندي در خصوص شيوه‌هاي تدفين و نگرش مذهبي اشكانيان در منطقه دماوند حاصل آمد كه در اين مقاله به شرح آنها خواهيم پرداخت.

Since the ancient times, burial practices have displayed certain characteristics among different Iranian ethnic groups and regions were influenced by the local religious orientations, traditions and environments, and are regarded as part of the spiritual culture of any given population. Indeed, religious beliefs play the main role in this diversity. Because of the empire’s long endurance and vast extent as well as its exceptional cultural diversity, various burial customs prevailed during the Parthian period. Large number of cemeteries with a plethora of different burial practices has been excavated at different Parthian sites lying both within and outside modern Iran, including jar burial, cellar burial, mausoleum, coffin burial, well burial, parallelepiped graves, simple pits and cairns. Unlike the most area in the Iranian central plateau, the vast plain around Tehran have no been the focus of any serious archaeological surveys or excavations thus the historical setting, archaeology and burial patterns of the region during the Parthian period remained totally unknown. However, a number of burials have recently been discovered and excavated during two seasons of excavations at Veliran. Their preliminary study has revealed important information on burial practices and religious attitude of the residents of Damavand area during the Parthian period. The results of this study are described in the present paper.