تاثير كلام امام علي (ع) در اشعار ابوالعتاهيه

The impact of Imam Ali’s rhetoric on Abu al Atahiyeh’s poetry

اديبان و صاحب نظران را اعتقاد بر اين است كه ابوالعتاهيه (213 يا 209ـ30) خداوندگار و قافله سالار شعر زهد عربي است و اشعار زاهدانه ي او بر پيشاني شعر زهد عربي قرار دارد. ابداع و نوآوري او در اشعار زاهدانه، موجب تفاسير مختلفي از سوي محققان شده است؛ چندان كه گروهي، او را متاثر از حسن بصري، برخي او را وام دار انديشه هاي مانوي و بودايي دانسته و عده اي از صاحب نظران نيز ريشه ي زهديات او را در فرهنگ ايراني جستجو كرده اند. در اين تحقيق، با مقايسه ي تطبيقي بين كلام علي (ع) و اشعار ابو العتاهيه، نشان مي دهيم كه او بر خوان ادب علي (ع) نشسته و در سايه‌سار آن باليده و تنفس كرده، به گونه اي كه حكمت هاي روح افزاي علي (ع)، دست كم در قالب (حل يا تحليل) در 7 بيت از اشعار او بدون تغيير واژه، از كسوت نثر به لباس نظم درآمده است؛ به علاوه، واژگان كلام علي (ع) را در لايه هاي كلام خود گنجانده و در طرز سخن، نكته ها آموخته، تشبيهات و مضامين بسياري را از نهج البلاغه، در نسج اشعار خود جاري ساخته است. از نتايج اين تحقيق، تبيين يكي از جنبه هاي عمق و اعتلاي كلام علي (ع)، يعني سيطره ي بي مانند و تاثير گسترده بر ادب عربي است. ديگر اينكه كلام علي (ع)، قبل از گردآوري نهج البلاغه، در بين اديبان و سخن سنجان بزرگي چون ابو العتاهيه، معروف و شناخته شده بوده است.

The critics and the literary figures believe that Abu al Atahiyeh (213 or 209-230) is the leading poet of Arabic ascetic poetry, and this poetry is embossed on the temple of Arabic ascetic poetry. His innovation and creativity on ascetic poetry have made the researchers draw various interpretations. Some believe that he has been inspired by Hassan Basri, and some claim that he has cherished the thoughts of Manoy and Buddhism, and some other researchers have sought the root of his ascetic writings in Iranian culture. This study, through a comparative analysis of Ali’s rhetoric and Abu al Atahiyeh’s poetry tries to show that Abu al Atahiyeh has fed and nourished himself in the ocean of Ali’s knowledge. It is evidently seen that he uses Ali as his source of inspiration, at least in the issue of (solution and analysis), he has used Ali’s animating rhetoric in seven couplets of his poetry just shifting from prose to verse, but without any rephrasing of the words. He has also decorated his diction with Ali’s words which, has added key points to his locution. He has used a lot of similes from Nahj ul Balagheh in the texture of his poetry. The significance of this study lies on clarification and revival of one aspect of Ali’s rhetoric, namely its unique domain and its extensive impact on Arabic literature; and above all Ali’s rhetoric even before compiling Nahj ul Balagheh was well-known among the great critics and literary figures like Abu al Atahiyeh.