سيبويه و سرآغاز دستورنويسي زبان عربي

Sibawayhi and the Beginnings of Arabic Grammar

در اين مقاله، آراي سيبويه ـ دانشمند مسلمان و ايراني ـ درباره زبان و زبان‌شناسي بررسي شده است. اين عالم بزرگ ايراني، كه از رهبران نحله بصره نيز بود، در نحو زبان عربي به كمال رسيد. كتاب او با عنوان الكتاب از معروف‌ترين و معتبرترين كتاب‌ها در زمينه نحو است. الكتاب طرز توصيف دستور زبان عربي را تعيين و تثبيت كرد. تصويري كه او از دستور زبان عربي رسمي و كتابتي ترسيم نمود به‌ذات همان است كه امروزيان از آن زبان در ذهن دارند.

The purpose of this brief research is to study the viewpoints and opinions of Sibawayhi, one of the most illustrated Muslim thoughtfuls,about language and linguistics. He was the leader of the Basran school, his one work is known as "sibawayhiʹs Book", Kitaab Sibawayhi. It is, in fact, one of the earliest books in Arabic at all, and was probably dictated informally to Sibawayhiʹs principal pupil al-Akhfas, who then issued it as a book after his masterʹs death. His personal insight into the nature of language and his analytical genius alone enabled him to create an exhaustive Arabic grammatical system which has been the reference point for all subsequent grammatical speculation to this day, and for which it very soon became known as the “Quran of grammar". In this paper, weʹll try to mention syntax, morphology and lastly phonology, reflecting Sibawayhiʹs own notion of appropriate sequence for linguistic analysis.