عوامل تاثير گذار بر تحول مسكن از گذشته تا آينده

The factors affecting housing evolution from the past to

انقلاب كشاورزي و صنعتي با تغيير نيازها و شيوه زندگي انسان، خانه و محل زندگي او را تغيير داده‌ و انتظارات جديد و متفاوتي از آن را به وجود آوردند. امروز با شروع انقلاب ديجيتالي موج عظيمي از تحول جريان يافته است كه در مسير خود خانه و مسكن انسان‌ها را نيز دچار تغيير و دگرگوني مي‌كند. آنچه كه در اين سرآغاز تحول مهم است سعي بر شناخت نوع و حوزه تغييرات الگوي مسكن كشورمان و ارايه رهنمودها و الگوهاي مناسب براي مواجهه با اين دگرگوني است تا پيش از رويارويي با اين تحول عظيم آمادگي لازم براي تغيير به وجود آيد. گذشته و به عبارتي تاريخ گذشته مسكن، عامل اشتراك و همبستگي مسكن ايراني در دوران‌هاي مختلف اين سرزمين بوده و بهتر مي‌تواند زمينه‌ساز مسكن آينده باشد. بنابراين بايد آنچه كه تاكنون بر تحول مسكن تاثيرگذار بوده را در جهان و به ‌خصوص در كشورمان بررسي كرده و با نگرش به آينده اين عوامل و نحوه تاثيرگذاري آن‌ها بر حوزه مسكن، قدمي به سوي آينده بهتر و زندگي در خانه‌هايي درخور برداريم. آنچه كه در پيمودن هر راه و رسيدن به مقصد نهايي بسيار حياتي و مهم است، نقطه آغاز راه و نحوه قدم گذاشتن در آن است، به همين دليل در اين مقاله تلاش شده است پيشنهادهايي براي مراحل اوليه دست‌يابي به الگوي مسكن آينده، حفظ هويت و ارزش‌هاي مسكن ايراني در گذار از انقلاب ديجيتالي ارايه گردد. بدين منظور عوامل موثر بر تحول مسكن و حوزه تاثير آن‌ها، از بدو اسكان بشر تا كنون (مسكن ديروز) شناسايي شده و با مطالعه روند تحول اين عوامل در آينده، عوامل موثر بر شكل‌گيري مسكن فردا معرفي شده‌اند.

Agricultural and industrial revolution by changing the way of life and needs, has transformed human’s life and home, and also has created new different expectations of it. Iranian society has experienced a transition in various stages of its history, too. For example, the transition from tradition to modernity which started since the beginning of the last century has influenced on Iranian culture, economy, knowledge, art and architecture and has had positive and also negative impacts. In dealing with Modernism, Iranian cities have lost their traditional architecture and worth by imitating western architecture. So, proper intermediation didn’t happen and the historical framework, buildings and houses were destroyed by automobiles, streets and towers. Today the digital revolution will change life and work styles, communications, technologies, buildings, architecture and specially housing and homes. Thus during this revolution, it is important to identify the type of changes in our housing patterns to provide guidelines for dealing with this transformation to cope with this enormous change and survey what characters has affected the housing development in the world and find the characters that will affect future homes, too. In this process, architects should prepare themselves to choose the best elements of designing, especially home designing that people spend most of their time in it and to find the way of building Ideal forms and housing types in the future and also they should introduce and recognize important factors in the past and in the future. The history of Iranian housing that has correlated the housing in different periods of this country should have been surveyed; and the permanent or variable elements, spaces and concepts should have been recognized. The reason is that recognizing the history of building houses help us to find out the proper context, shape and elements of Iranian future houses that is worthy for Iranian nation and their life. It is clear that the first step of achieving a better result in finding the patterns of future homes is to have an intelligent start. Therefore this article has tried to present proposals for the first steps of finding the patterns of future housing and home design, supporting identity and values of Iranian Housing during digital revolution. For this purpose, the affecting characters and the scope of their impacts on the evolution of housing since the beginning of human settlement have been identified and by studying the future evolution of these characters, the factors shaping the future houses have been introduced.