نقش تكنولوژي هاي بومي در كيفيت فضاهاي مسكوني

The Role of Indigenous Technologies in the Quality of Residential Spaces

متاسفانه با وجود پيشرفت دانش و توان مهندسي و تكنولوژي ساخت، هيچكدام نتوانسته است در بالا بردن كيفيت فضاها و ارزش هاي معماري متناسب با زندگي انسان معاصر كمك شاياني كند؛ به گونه اي كه فضاهاي معماري امروز به فضاهايي تك بعدي و فاقد معنا تبديل شده و كيفيات يكساني پيدا كرده اند. علاوه بر اين، تكنولوژي موجب شده بر خلاف تفاوتهاي فرهنگي، اقليمي، بومي كه در محيط موجود مي باشد، بناها در نقاط مختلف كشور يكسان شده و آنچنان تفاوتي با هم نداشته باشند. اين موضوع موجب تقليل كيفيت فضاها گشته و باعث شده، فضاها آنچنان دلچسب و مطبوع نباشند و كيفيت فضاها از بين برود؛ درحالي كه با دقت در مسكن سنتي ايراني كه بر اساس تكنولوژي بومي شكل گرفته است به اين موضوع پي مي بريم كه مي توان با استفاده از تكنولوژي بومي در تمام نقاط خانه، حال و هوا و كيفيت هاي متفاوتي را بسته به كاربرد آن فضا به وجود آورد. يكي از راه هاي دست يابي به اين كيفيت هاي از دست رفته، رجوع به تكنيك ها و روش هاي ساخت است كه با توجه به جزييات، مصالح و همچنين هم نشيني آن ها و تركيب مناسب اجزا بتوان به سمت كيفيت مطلوب در خانه معاصر رسيد. اين كيفيات در معماري بومي ايراني تجلي پيدا كرده است كه در صورت توجه به آن مي توان در طراحي مسكن امروز از آن استفاده كرد. بدين منظور در اين مقاله با يك مطالعه اكتشافي نسبت به موضوع اصلي؛ بوم، به تكنولوژي و معماري بومي پرداخته و در ادامه پتانسيل هاي تكنولوژي هاي بومي مورد بررسي قرار گرفته و تاثير آن بر فضا بررسي مي گردد. اين مقاله سعي دارد با شناخت پتانسيل هاي معماري بومي كه در تكنولوژي هاي بومي نهفته، به ارايه راهكارهايي جهت طراحي فضايي با كيفيت و هويت ايراني دست يابد. در پايان، در اين مقاله به اين نتيجه مي رسيم كه تكنولوژي يكي از عناصر اصلي كيفيت دهي در طراحي مسكن ايراني است و بايد به روشهايي كه در اين مقاله به اجمال ذكر مي شود، توجه گردد.

Unfortunately, in spite of the rapid progress in knowledge and capability of engineering and technology, none of them could help the rising in quality of spaces and architectural values commensurate with modern life. In such a way that the modern architectural attributes have transformed to single dimension, meaningless with identical quality . In addition, unlike the present cultural, regional, and indigenous differences in the environment, the technology has caused the buildings in different parts of the country to look alike and have no major variation in design. This has caused a reduction in quality of spaces and has made them less satisfying and pleasant while undermining their quality. By paying careful attention to traditional Iranian houses which are constructed based on indigenous technology, we will find out that by using this kind of technology at each and every corner of the house we could make different quality and circumstances all over the house depending on desired application of that space. One of the ways to achieve these lost qualities is to refer to construction methods and technologies and by considering their details, materials, and also their compatibility and suitable combination, optimal qualities of the contemporary houses would be accomplished. These qualities have been emerged in indigenous Iranian architecture and in case of being paid attention, they can be used in designing of todayʹs housing. Thus, in this article, by an exploratory study in relation with the main issue, "Habitat", the technology and indigenous architecture are discussed and in continuation, the potentials of indigenous technologies and effects of them on space are examined. This article by recognizing the potentials of indigenous architecture which are hidden in indigenous technology, is trying to propose various methods in order to achieve designing of spaces with high quality and Iranian identity. Furthermore, this paper is intended to answer following questions in general direction of the article: - What are the Potentials of constructional technologies which are effective on the quality of Iranian housing space? - What is the relationship between technology and space quality? And what amount of undesirability of space quality is related to technology? - Could promotion of identity and the quality of Iranian dwellings be affected by using the potentials of indigenous technology and construction methods? Eventually, taking into account all these factors, we will reach the conclusion that technology is one of the principal elements in increasing quality of designing Iranian housing and these methods which are mentioned briefly in this paper must be taken into consideration.