نقد تحليلي نظريه ملاصدرا در جمع بين حدوث و بقاي نفس

Analytic Criticizing the View of Mulla Sadra upon the Creation and Survival of the Soul

يكي از مباحث مهم و پيچيده در باب نفس‌شناسي مسيله حدوث و بقاي نفس است. مجرد بودنِ يك شي با حدوث زماني و مسبوق بودن آن با عدم سازش ندارد و نيز حدوث آن با بقا و جاودانگي آن سازگار نيست؛ زيرا حكما آنچه را كه مسلّم دانسته‌اند اين است كه هر موجودي كه فاقد حامل‌ِ امكان استعدادي وجود و عدم باشد (مجرد باشد) ازلي و ابدي است، نه حادث مي‌گردد و نه فاسد و موجودي كه داراي استعداد و حامل امكان استعدادي است در معرض كون و فساد بوده و ازلي و ابدي نخواهد بود. بنابراين مسيله اساسي اين است كه چگونه ابن سينا نفس مجرد انساني را حادث مي‌داند و در عين حال انعدام آن را امكان‌پذير نمي‌داند؟ اين دو امر چگونه قابل جمعند؟ به نظر مي‌رسد كه هرچند ملاصدرا در اين باره تلاش فراوان نموده است، مسيله يادشده همچنان باقي است و با مباني وي همان گونه كه مسيله مزبور قابل حل نيست بقاي روحاني و مجردي نفس نيز با اشكال مواجه است.

One of the most important issues of the psychology is the creation and survival of soul. The problem is one of the issues that have faced many scholars with difficulty. The question arises when the abstractness of a thing doesn’t consist with its temporal contingency and also incompatibility of its contingency with its survival and eternity; because what is presumed by the philosophers is that everything is lack of possibility through preparedness of the existence and non-existence (immaterial), it will be eternal and not be created and corrupted and the everything that have the possibility through preparedness would be subject to the corruption and won’t be eternal. The question arises now is how dose Ibn Sina consider the human immaterial soul contingent yet believed that its corruption is impossible? How may they be come together? Positing the mentioned problem, Mulla Sadra has replied to it on the basis of both Peripatetic philosophers and on his own basis. Although Mulla Sadra has spent great efforts in this regard, it seems that the problem is still remained and as the problem cannot be solved on his base, the spiritual survival of the soul is also face with difficulty.