تجزيه ژنتيكي صفات زراعي و مقاومت به ريزش دانه در سويا (Glycine max)

Genetic Analysis of Agronomic Traits and Seed Shattering Resistance in Soybean (Glycine max)

سويا (Glycine max) به‌دليل برخورداري از روغن وپروتيين خوراكي به‌عنوان يك گياه زراعي مهم در دنيا محسوب مي‌شود. به‌منظور تعيين نحوه وراثت صفات زراعي و مقاومت به ريزش دانه در سويا از تلاقي T215 × تلار، نسل‌هايF1، F3، BC1 و BC2 تهيه و به‌همراه والدينP1 و P2در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي با دو تكرار مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفتند. نتايج اين بررسي نشان داد به‌ترتيب اثرهاي غالبيت و پس از آن اثرهاي افزايشي بيشترين تاثير را در كنترل ژنتيكي صفات مورد بررسي داشتند. نحوه توارث صفات مراحل زايشي شامل شروع‌گلدهي با شروع پرشدن دانه و پرشدن كامل دانه با رسيدن كامل، و عملكرد دانه و اجزا مرتبط با آن، به ويژه عملكرد دانه با تعداد غلاف در بوته و ارتفاع بوته با تعداد گره در ساقه شباهت زيادي داشتند. در مقاومت به ريزش دانه سهم اثر غالبيت بيش از اثر افزايشي بود. اما اثر متقابل اپيستازي نيز در بروز اين صفت تاثيرگذار بود.

To determine mode of action of the genes affecting important agronomic traits and seed shattering resistance in soybean, progenies derived from crosses between Telar and T215, including F1, F3, BC1, and BC2 together with P1 and P2 were evaluated in Karaj. The results indicated that for all the traits, genes action with dominance effects, followed by additive effects had the most impact on the genetic performance. There was a high similarity in inheritance of the reproductive-related characters such as flowering initiation with starting stage of seed filling, completion of seed filling with seed maturity, seed yield with yield components especially with pod number per plant and plant height with number of node per stem. Dominance effects in seed shattering were more important than the additive effects. However, epistatic effects could not be ruled out. [d], [h] and [i] effects were significant for majority of agronomic traits and [j], [l] interaction effects were significant for a few traits. Inheritance mode of flowering initiation (R1) was similar to initiation of seed filling (R5), compelet seed filling (R6) was similar to compelet maturity (R8), seed yield was similar to its components and plant height was similar to number of nods. Seed shattering had single gene inheritance but different epistatic effects inpressed expersion of the character.