بررسي و تحليل رمان نفرين زمين بر اساس الگوهاي تبيين در علوم اجتماعيِ ليتل

An Analysis of the Novel Curse of the Land (Nefrin-e Zamin) within the Framework of Daniel Little’s Social Theories

رمان نفرين زمين بيش از اين كه يك اثر هنري باشد، سندي اجتماعي است. آل‌احمد در اين اثر ارزشمند كوشيده تا تحليلي اجتماعي از عصر خود ارايه كند و نسبت به وقوع تجدد كه از ديدگاه او آفت‌هايي بنيان‏كَن در پي دارد، اخطار دهد. بدين جهت اين اثر پخته‌ترين اثر داستاني و گلچين افكار اجتماعي او و متضمن يك تيوري اجتماعي است. در اين نوشته تيوريِ منعكس شده در رمان نفرين زمين را با مدل‌هاي معروف تبيين1 در علوم اجتماعي تطبيق مي‌دهيم تا هم ارزش اجتماعي و تاريخي نفرين زمين و هم جايگاه بينش اجتماعي اين روشنفكر مطرح و صاحب‌قلم كه آثارش هنوز هم خواننده و طرف‏دار دارند، در عرصه نظريه‏پردازي اجتماعي بيش از پيش روشن شود. دريافت پاياني ما در اين پژوهش آن است كه تيوري آل‌احمد فقط با يك مدل قابل تبيين نيست، بلكه براي تبيين آن بايد از چند مدل استفاده كرد. علاوه بر اين تمام نظريات او صايب و قابل دفاع نيستند و برخي با ضعف‌هاي اساسي مواجهند.

Besides being a literary work, the novel Curse of the Land (Nefrin-e Zamin) is a social document. In this great work, Al-e Ahmad intends to give a social analysis of this own era, and warn his readers against the devastating consequences of modernity. Viewed from this perspective, it is regarded as his most sophisticated work representing his social thoughts and theories. In this paper an effort is made to introduce these theories and compare them with famous explanation models in social sciences in order to indicate the social and historical value of the novel and to clarify the position of its author, whose works are still popular, as a social intellectual in the realm of social theorization. The result of the comparison of his social theories with other models of explanations shows that they cannot be explained with a single model and, to explain them adequately, several models must be employed. It is also concluded that all his theories are not correct and defendable and some of them are seriously flawed.