مقايسه توانايي نظريه ذهن بين كودكان ناشنوا و شنواي 9 تا 11 سال

Comparing the Ability of the Theory of Mind between Deaf and Hearing 9-11 Years Old Children

اين پژوهش با هدف مقايسه توانايي نظريه ذهن در كودكان ناشنوا و شنواي 9 تا 11 ساله اجرا شد. روش پژوهش پس‌رويدادي و جامعه آماري همه دانش‌آموزان شنوا و ناشنواي 9 تا 11 ساله شهرستان تربت جام بودند كه از ميان آنان 30 دانش‌آموز ناشنوا به روش تصادفي ساده و 30 دانش‌آموز شنوا به روش تصادفي خوشه‌اي انتخاب شدند. ابزار سنجش پرسشنامه نظريه ذهن (هپي، 1994) بود. عارفي (1386)، روايي و پايايي اين مقياس را تاييد كرد. داده‌ها از طريق تحليل كوواريانس تحليل شدند. نتايج نشان داد بين دانش‌آموزان ناشنوا و شنوا در توانايي نظريه ذهن، با كنترل متغير هوش عملي تفاوت معناداري وجود دارد (01/0P < ). به بيان ديگر، دانش‌آموزان ناشنوا در مقايسه با دانش‌آموزان شنوا، توانايي نظريه ذهن كمتري دارند. همچنين، مقايسه نظريه ذهن ميان دانش‌آموزان ناشنواي با والدين ناشنوا و دانش‌آموزان ناشنواي با والدين شنوا، نشان‌دهنده بالاتر بودن ميانگين نظريه ذهن در ناشنوايان والد ناشنوا نسبت به ناشنوايان والد شنوا بود (01/0P < ). بين دختران و پسران ناشنوا و شنوا در نظريه ذهن تفاوت معنادار مشاهده گرديد (01/0P < ).

The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of the theory of mind between deaf and normal children in the ages of 9 to 11. The study method was ex post facto and the statistical population consisted of all 9-11years old hearing and deaf students in Torbat-e-Jam city. 30 deaf students were selected by simple random sampling and 30 hearing children were selected by cluster random sampling. The measurement tool was a theory of mind questionnaire (Happe, 1994). Validity and reliability of the scale have been confirmed by Arefi (2006, 1386s.c). The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results indicated that in theory of mind ability, while controlling practical intelligence variable, there was a significant difference between deaf and normal students (P < 0.01). In other words, deaf students compared with their normal (hearing) counter parts have lower theory of mind ability. Also, the comparison of theory of mind in deaf children who have deaf parents and deaf children who have hearing parents showed that the theory of mind in deaf children with deaf parents was higher than deaf children with hearing parents (P < 0.01). Significant differences were found between deaf and normal girls as well as between deaf and normal boys in theory of mind (P < 0.01).