رابطه خدا و هستي از ديدگاه ابن عربي و شمس مغربي

The Relation between God and the Universe from Ibn ʹʹArabi and Shams Maqrebiʹʹs Views

يكي از مباحث مهم در عرفان، بيان نسبت و رابطه ميان خدا و هستي است؛ اين مطلب كه در اشعار عرفاني با عبارت‌هاي گوناگون بيان شده است، با ظهور ابن عربي و تثبيت مكتب وحدت وجود، رنگ ديگري به خود مي گيرد؛ در نگاه ابن عربي و پيروانش، عالم (ماسوي الله) حق مخلوق به و حقّ متجلّي است و اين، نزديك ‌ترين نسبت ميان خالق و مخلوق را ترسيم مي‌كند. يكي از كساني كه به پيروي از ابن عربي، بنيان فكري‌ خود را بر پايه وحدت وجود گذاشت، شمس‌الدين محمد شيرين مغربي، عارف قرن هشتم هجري است؛ او كه در جاي جاي ديوانش هستي را مظهر و مجلاي حق مي‌داند، در مواردي عين كلام ابن عربي را جامه شعر پوشانده است. اين مقاله، تاثيرپذيري شمس مغربي از ابن عربي را در محورهاي وحدت وجود؛ تجلي حق در مظاهر؛ آثار، ويژگي‌ها و علت تجلي و نسبت و رابطه خداوند و آفرينش بررسي مي‌كند.

One of the most significant concepts in mysticism is the explanation of the relation between God and the universe. This issue which has been variously explained in mystic poetry has had a new view by the emergence of Ibn ʹArabi and the stabilization of pantheism. According to Ibn ʹArabi and his disciples, the universe is the Creator, who is demonstrated in his creation. Following Ibn ʹArabi, Shamsoddin Mohammad Shirin Maqrebi, the mystic of the 14th century, is among those who have their thought based on pantheism. In various parts of his Divan, he has mentioned that universe is a symbol of God and, in some cases he has transformed Ibn ʹArabiʹs words into poetry. This paper tries to study the influence of Ibn ʹArabi on Maqrebi in various aspects of pantheism, the emergence of God in symbols, the influences and characteristics and the reason of emergence, the relation between God and creation.