ديدگاه‌هاي عبدالوهاب شعراني درباره‌ آرا محيي‌الدين ابن عربي

Viewpoints of ‘Abd al-Wahhab Sha‘rani about Muhyi al-Din Ibn ‘Arabi’s Opinions

عبدالوهاب بن احمد شعراني (898- 973 ق) را بايد يكي از مهم‌ترين مدافعان محيي‌الدين ابن عربي (560- 638 ق) دانست. او كتاب‌هاي مهمي در دفاع از ابن عربي و تحت تاثير او نگاشته است كه از مهم‌ترين آن‌ها مي‌توان به اليواقيت و الجواهر، الكبريت‌الاحمر و القواعد‌الكشفيه و غيره اشاره كرد. شايان ذكر است شعراني در اين آثار با توجه به چارچوب تصوف شريعت‌مدارانه خود، سراغ عقايد ابن عربي رفته و آنچه را كه به نظرش مخالف شريعت مي‌آمده، دسيسه‌ دشمنان ابن عربي دانسته و او را از آن‌ها مبرّا كرده است؛ در بعضي موارد ابن عربي را به درستي از عقايد مانند حلول و اتحاد و توحيد ابليس و برتري ولايت بر نبوت مبرا داشته، اما نتوانسته است به خوبي او را از وحدت وجود و عقيده به خلود كفار و ايمان فرعون مبرّا كند ولي با دفاعي كه از او به عمل آورده، مانع طعن و تكفير وي از طرف معاندانش شده است.

‘Abd al-Wahhab b. Ahmad Sha‘rani (898-973/1492-1565) is to be considered as one of the most important advocates of Muhyi al-Din Ibn ‘Arabi (560-638/1164-1240). He has written significant books in defense of and under the inspiration of Ibn ‘Arabi, the most important of which that can be mentioned are Al-Yawaqit wa al-Jawahir, Al-Kibrit al-Ahmar, and Al-Qawa‘id al-Kashfiyya. It is worth mentioning that, with respect to his shari‘a-oriented Sufi background, Sha‘rani has turned to Ibn ‘Arabi’s views in the above works and regarded what has seemed to him to be contrary to shari‘ (religious law), as intrigues by Ibn ‘Arabi’s enemies and exonerated him of them. In some cases, he has rightly exonerated Ibn ‘Arabi of such ideas as incarnation, the unity and monotheism of Satan, and superiority of Wilaya over Prophethood; but he has not been able to sufficiently exonerate him from unity of existence, belief in the eternity (khulud) of the faithless, and Pharaoh’s faith. However, by defending him, he has prevented from his calumny and excommunication by his hostile opponents.