اثر آزادسازي تجاري بر بهره وري كل عوامل توليد در گروه منتخب كشورهاي سازمان همكاري اسلامي

The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Total Factor Productivity

امروزه تجارت و سياستهاي توسعه تجاري به عنوان عواملي كه مي‏توانند بر بهره‏وري تاثيرگذار باشند، از اهميت ويژه اي برخوردارند. در واقع، سياستهاي آزادسازي تجاري به واسطه ‏ايجاد رقابت بين بنگاهها، كارايي اقتصادي را در كل اقتصاد افزايش مي‌دهند و باعث بهبود تخصيص عوامل و منابع توليدي در بخشهاي مختلف جامعه مي‌شوند. اين مقاله به بررسي اثر آزادسازي تجاري بر بهره وري كل عوامل توليد در كشورهاي سازمان همكاري اسلامي (OIC) بين سالهاي 1985-2009 ميلادي مي‌پردازد. نتايج حاصل از برآورد مدلها نشان مي دهد در اغلب كشورهاي منتخب، آزادسازي تجاري بر بهره وري كل عوامل توليد تاثير مثبت و معناداري دارد. علاوه بر آزادسازي تجاري، متغيرهاي تورم، سرمايه انساني و انحراف قيمتهاي محلي از P.P.P از جمله عواملي هستند كه داراي اثر معنا داري بر بهره وري كل عوامل توليد دارند.

Trades as well as trade policies have major impact on economic productivity. In fact, trade freedom policies tend to improve economic efficiency and bring about a better allocation of resources through enhancing competition in economies. This study examines the role of trade liberalization on the total factor productivity. The hypothesis tested is that trade liberalization has a positive impact on productivity. The countries studied to test this hypothesis are a group of Islamic countries which are the members of the organization of the Islamic cooperation (OIC). The data covers the period between 1985 and 2009 using a panel data approach. The ratio of exports plus imports to GDP for each country is used as an index for trade liberalization. The model used in this study is based on the work done by Miller and Apadiya. The results indicate that trade liberalization among selected Islamic countries has had a major impact on the total factor productivity. Moreover, inflation, human capital and the deviations from PPP have statistically significant impact on the total factor productivity during the period of the study.