كليدواژه :
تضارب آرا , جرح و تعديل , حريز بن عبدالله سجستاني , طوسي , نجاشي
چكيده فارسي :
حريز بن عبدالله ازدي كوفي سيستاني، از صحابيان امام باقر و صادق، در ميراث مكتب اهل بيت نقشي گسترده دارد. منقولات وي در «الكافي»، «من لايحضره الفقيه»، «تهذيب الاحكام» و «الاستبصار»، طبق بررسي آماري راقم اين سطور به مرز 1800 حديث مي‌رسد. نجاشي كنيه وي را «ابومحمّد» قلمداد كرده و كلامش ظهور دارد كه او از اعراب اصيل ازد يمن است و به نقل از «يونس» روايت وي را از امام صادق به يك و يا دو مورد منحصر دانسته و بعلاوه تصريح كرده «حريز» به دليل قيام مسلحانه، مطرود و محجوب امام صادق واقع گشت و امام رابطه‌اش را از او گسست. رويكرد نجاشي سبب شد كه برخي منابع متاخّر، تعبيرات «مذمومٌ في الرّوايه»، «مذمومٌ ذمّاً ما» و «رمي بالذمّ» را كه حاوي جرح است، درباره «حريز» به كار ببرند.
در اين مقاله به استناد رجال كشّي كه طوسي آن را تنقيح و بازنويسي كرده، كنيه وي «ابوعبدالله» به شمار آمده و نيز اشاره شده كه طوسي، وي را عرب «ولايي» و «الحاقي» و «عجمي الاصل» دانسته و افزون اينكه ماثورات «حريز» به نقل از امام صادق در كتب اربعه، نه دو حديث بلكه بيشتر از «230» حديث است؛ و با توجه به منابع ديگر، آن آمار افزايش چشمگيري مي‌يابد. واكاوي و پژوهش در منابع، حاوي اين است كه «حريز» خود، شمشير از نيام برنكشيده، بلكه حكم شرعي اوّلي را بيان كرده و بعلاوه طرد امام صادق، مستلزم جرح و تضعيف وي نيست و براي اتّقا و حفظ جان و مال وي و ديگران انجام پذيرفته و از طرفي شيخ طوسي و برخي ديگر، وي را از ثقات فقها شيعه به شمار آورده‌اند.
چكيده لاتين :
Hariz b. ‘Abd Allah Azadi Kufi Sistani, one of the companions of Imam al-Baqir (A.S.) and Imam al-Sadiq (A.S.), has had a leading role in the heritage of Ahl al-Bayt’s school of thought. His reported traditions in al-Kafi, Man la Yahdirahu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, and al-Istibsar according to my statistical survey amounts to 1800 in number. Najashi has considered his nickname as Abu Muhammad and it is implied from his statements that he is from among the genuine Arabs of Azad in Yemen. Quoting from Yunus, he has regarded his narration from Imam al-Sadiq (A.S.) as restricted to one or two instances and has also asserted that because of his armed uprising, Hariz was rejected and isolated by Imam al-Sadiq (A.S.), and that the Imam (A.S.) broke off his relation from him. Najashi’s approach to him caused some later sources to employ such phrases as madhmumun fi al-riwaya (reprehensible in transmission of traditions), madhmumun dhamman ma (somehow reprehensible), and ram-yi bi al-dham (condemned to reprehension), which consist of invalidation, in relation to Hariz.
In this article, according to Kashshi’s Rijal, which Tusi has edited and rewritten, his (Hariz’s) nickname is considered to be Abu ‘Abd Allah and it is pointed out that Tusi has regarded him to be a wila’i and ilhaqi Arab (both refer to a non-Arab becoming naturalized as an Arab) and “originally Persian”. It is also added that the Hariz’s
recorded traditions (ma’thurat) quoted from Imam al-Sadiq (A.S.) in the four Shi‘a books of tradition (kutub-i ‘arba‘a) are over 230 and not just two; and according to other sources, this number amounts to a considerably greater number. Exploration and examination of sources reveal that Hariz did not draw sword in person; rather, he stated the initial legal ruling and, besides, Imam al-Sadiq’s (A.S.) rejection does not necessitate invalidating and debilitating him and has taken place for guarding and preserving his and others’ life and property. On the other hand, Shaykh Tusi and some others have considered him to be among the reliable Shi‘a jurists.
